Duellmanohyla uranochroa

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AMPHIBIA	ANURA	HYLIDAE

Scientific Name:	Duellmanohyla uranochroa
Species Authority:	(Cope, 1875)

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Critically Endangered A2ace ver 3.1
Year Published:	2004
Assessor/s:	Alan Pounds, Gerardo Chaves, Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Jay Savage, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Brian Kubicki, Federico Bolaños
Reviewer/s:	Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox and Bruce Young)
Contributor/s:
Justification: Listed as Critically Endangered because of a drastic population decline, estimated to be more than 80% over the last three generations, inferred from the apparent disappearance of most of the population, probably due to chytridiomycosis.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is known from the cordilleras of Costa Rica and western Panama (300-1,450m asl). In Costa Rica, the species occurs on the Atlantic versant at 656-1,740m asl and on the Pacific slope at 880-1,600m asl (Savage 2002).
Countries:	Native: Costa Rica; Panama
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	It was formerly common but as of 2002 had apparently disappeared from its entire Costa Rican range except for a remnant population at Monteverde where it has declined substantially since the late 1980s. As of 2007, a new population was found in Tuis de Turrialba, Costa Rica (Brian Kubicki pers. comm.). It is now infrequently seen in Costa Rica, and it is presumed to have declined in Panama.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It inhabits humid lowland and montane forest. Adults are usually found in the proximity of streams. During the day, individuals hide in vegetation, especially in leaf axils of epiphytes and terrestrial aroids. At night, moderately dense congregations have been found along small, fast-flowing streams. Males call from dense vegetation several metres away from the streams, from 0.5-3.0m above ground. Larvae develop in quiet pools, but sometimes adhere to large rocks in the stream bottom when the streams rise following heavy rains (Savage 2002).
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Habitat and Ecology:

It inhabits humid lowland and montane forest. Adults are usually found in the proximity of streams. During the day, individuals hide in vegetation, especially in leaf axils of epiphytes and terrestrial aroids. At night, moderately dense congregations have been found along small, fast-flowing streams. Males call from dense vegetation several metres away from the streams, from 0.5-3.0m above ground. Larvae develop in quiet pools, but sometimes adhere to large rocks in the stream bottom when the streams rise following heavy rains (Savage 2002).

Systems:

Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Museum specimens have been found to be infected with chytrid fungi, and although it requires confirmation, it is likely that infection with this pathogen, perhaps in combination with climate change, is responsible for the current population decline. Habitat loss due to smallholder farming activities is also a threat to this species.

Major Threat(s):

Museum specimens have been found to be infected with chytrid fungi, and although it requires confirmation, it is likely that infection with this pathogen, perhaps in combination with climate change, is responsible for the current population decline. Habitat loss due to smallholder farming activities is also a threat to this species.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Although there are no specific conservation measures in place, this species has been recorded from at least three protected areas in Panama, and more than three protected areas in Costa Rica. Further survey work is required to monitor the population status and trends of this species, and to ascertain clearly whether or not chytrid poses a threat or not. A captive-breeding programme might need to be established.

Conservation Actions:

Although there are no specific conservation measures in place, this species has been recorded from at least three protected areas in Panama, and more than three protected areas in Costa Rica. Further survey work is required to monitor the population status and trends of this species, and to ascertain clearly whether or not chytrid poses a threat or not. A captive-breeding programme might need to be established.

Citation:	Alan Pounds, Gerardo Chaves, Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Jay Savage, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Brian Kubicki, Federico Bolaños 2004. Duellmanohyla uranochroa. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 May 2013.
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