Presbytis melalophos

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	CERCOPITHECIDAE

Scientific Name:

Presbytis melalophos

Species Authority:

(Raffles, 1821)

Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:

See Presbytis melalophos ssp. bicolor

See Presbytis melalophos ssp. melalophos

See Presbytis melalophos ssp. mitrata

See Presbytis melalophos ssp. sumatranus

Common Name/s:

English	–	Mitred Leaf Monkey, Sumatran Surili
French	–	Semnopithèque Mélalophe
Spanish	–	Langur De Cresta

Synonym/s:

Presbytis aurata (Muller & Schlegel, 1861)

Presbytis batuanus Miller, 1903

Presbytis ferrugineus (Schlegel, 1876)

Presbytis flavimanus (I. Geoffroy, 1831)

Presbytis fluviatilis (Chasen, 1940)

Presbytis fusco-murina Elliot, 1906

Presbytis margae Hooijer, 1948

Presbytis nobilis (Gray, 1842)

Taxonomic Notes:

Due to a great diversity in pelage coloration, this species has been the subject of much taxonomic debate (Aimi and Bakar 1992). This species formerly included P. chrysomelas, P. femoralis, P. natunae and P. siamensis as subspecies, all of which are here regarded as distinct species in their own right (the four species are nevertheless quite closely related). There are four presently recognized subspecies: P. m. melalophos, P. m. sumatrana, P. m. mitrata and P. m. bicolor (Aimi and Bakar 1992). However, some of the included subspecies might be better regarded as distinct species (C. Groves pers. comm.).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Endangered A2cd ver 3.1
Year Published:	2008
Assessor/s:	Nijman, V. & Manullang, B.
Reviewer/s:	Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)
Contributor/s:
Justification: The species is considered Endangered due to ongoing population declines driven by habitat conversion and illegal collecting for the pet trade. Although forest loss has probably exceeded 70% over 3 generations (30 years approximately), the subspecies is tolerant to some degree of conversion such that it is likely to persist in fragmented landscapes over the medium term.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is endemic to Sumatra (Indonesia), where it is found south of the Wampu and Simpang Kiri Rivers (except for the eastern coastal forests), and on Pulau Pini in the Batu Archipelago (Groves 2001). Presbytis melalophos melalophos Found in southwestern Sumatra, from the upper Sungai Rokan south to the upper Sungai Hari and beyond along the Barisan Range into Lampung (Groves 2001). Presbytis melalophos mitrata Found in southeastern Sumatra, from Lampung north to the upper Musi River drainage, west of Palembang, and north to the Batang Hari River (Groves 2001). Presbytis melalophos bicolor Found in west-central Sumatra, in the highlands from the middle and lower Sungai Hari to the middle Sungai Inderagiri (Groves 2001). Presbytis melalophos sumatrana Found in western Sumatra and Pulau Pini in the Batu Archipelago. On the Sumatran mainland found in the northern highlands and west coast south of the Sungai Simpang Kiri north of Gunung Talamau, southeast to the Rokan River, and on the east coast from Sungai Wampu to the Sungai Barumun.
Countries:	Native: Indonesia
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	This species is relatively common (Aimi and Bakar 1992) in its remaining and appropriate habitat, but its occurrence is very patchy and fragmented.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	The species is tolerant of habitat conversion to a degree (V. Nijman pers. comm.), and can be found in disturbed and secondary forest areas. It has also been found in primary and secondary hill rainforest, shrub forest and plantations. This species is primarily folivorous, but will also consume fruits, flowers, and seeds. Its home range has been observed to be 14-29.5 ha and its daily distance moved is about 300-1,360 m.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

The species is tolerant of habitat conversion to a degree (V. Nijman pers. comm.), and can be found in disturbed and secondary forest areas. It has also been found in primary and secondary hill rainforest, shrub forest and plantations. This species is primarily folivorous, but will also consume fruits, flowers, and seeds. Its home range has been observed to be 14-29.5 ha and its daily distance moved is about 300-1,360 m.

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There has been extensive loss of habitat, especially for oil palm plantations, and this is a serious threat. However, the species has some tolerance to forest conversion. Trapping of the species for the illegal pet trade is a threat across their range, with some incidental hunting for food. Forest fragmentation is a long-term consideration for population persistence (Manullang pers. comm.).

Major Threat(s):

There has been extensive loss of habitat, especially for oil palm plantations, and this is a serious threat. However, the species has some tolerance to forest conversion. Trapping of the species for the illegal pet trade is a threat across their range, with some incidental hunting for food. Forest fragmentation is a long-term consideration for population persistence (Manullang pers. comm.).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	This species is listed under CITES Appendix II, and is protected by national law. It is known to occur in five protected areas: Berbak National Park, Bukit Barisan National Park, Bukit Sebelah Protection Forest, Kerinci-Seblat National Park, Way Kambas National Park (Indonesia).

Conservation Actions:

This species is listed under CITES Appendix II, and is protected by national law. It is known to occur in five protected areas: Berbak National Park, Bukit Barisan National Park, Bukit Sebelah Protection Forest, Kerinci-Seblat National Park, Way Kambas National Park (Indonesia).

Citation:	Nijman, V. & Manullang, B. 2008. Presbytis melalophos. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2013.
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