Formicivora erythronotos

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PASSERIFORMES	THAMNOPHILIDAE

Scientific Name:

Formicivora erythronotos

Species Authority:

(Hartlaub, 1852)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Black-hooded Antwren

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,v) ver 3.1

Year Published:

2012

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Butchart, S. & Symes, A.

Contributor/s:

Gonzaga, M. & Mendonça, E.

Justification:
This species is listed as Endangered because it has a very small and severely fragmented range that is likely to be declining rapidly in response to habitat loss (Collar et al. 1992). It is known from just seven sites.

History:

2008	–	Endangered
2004	–	Endangered
2000	–	Endangered
1996	–	Critically Endangered
1994	–	Critically Endangered

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Formicivora erythronotos survives in a narrow coastal strip around the Baía da Ilha Grande in south Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Although known from c.20 specimens collected in the 19th century, it was unrecorded for over 100 years until its rediscovery in 1987. It has been subsequently found at a further seven sites (Buzzetti 1998, E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000). The main localities are Ariró (densities of 89 pairs/km²) and Vale do Mambucaba (156 pairs/km²) (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b). Smaller numbers have also been recorded at Bracuí, Frade, São Gonçalo, Taquari and Barra Grande (Buzzetti 1998, Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b, E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000).
Countries:	Native: Brazil
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	The population is estimated to number 1,000-2,499 individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 667-1,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1,700 mature individuals.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Population:

The population is estimated to number 1,000-2,499 individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 667-1,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1,700 mature individuals.

Population Trend:

Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It was rediscovered in a swampy patch of secondary forest near the forest-mangrove ecotone. Subsequent records have found the species to occur mostly in the lush understorey of modified restinga, early successional habitats such as second growth and the understorey of old second growth (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1998, Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b), and sometimes abandoned banana plantations (E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000). These areas are dominated by pioneer species, including Lantana camara, Cecropia sp., Morus sp., Rubus, Vernonia sp. and grasses (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b). It has once successfully colonised fields two months after burning, where there was little regenerating vegetation (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b, Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a). Nests have been found in second growth from mid-August to early February, with eggs producing an average of 0.23 young (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

It was rediscovered in a swampy patch of secondary forest near the forest-mangrove ecotone. Subsequent records have found the species to occur mostly in the lush understorey of modified restinga, early successional habitats such as second growth and the understorey of old second growth (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1998, Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b), and sometimes abandoned banana plantations (E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000). These areas are dominated by pioneer species, including Lantana camara, Cecropia sp., Morus sp., Rubus, Vernonia sp. and grasses (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b). It has once successfully colonised fields two months after burning, where there was little regenerating vegetation (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b, Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a). Nests have been found in second growth from mid-August to early February, with eggs producing an average of 0.23 young (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	It cannot tolerate many of the human activities occurring within its range. Development of the narrow coastal plain for tourism and beachside housing has been extensive and threatens the small remnant patches of suitable habitat, especially at Fazenda Ariró where there are plans for a large hotel complex (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b, E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000). There is widespread clearance of Euterpe sp. palms for pasture and plantations, both of which provide unsuitable habitat for this species (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b). Such plantations have reduced available habitat in the Vale do Mambucaba (E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000).

Major Threat(s):

It cannot tolerate many of the human activities occurring within its range. Development of the narrow coastal plain for tourism and beachside housing has been extensive and threatens the small remnant patches of suitable habitat, especially at Fazenda Ariró where there are plans for a large hotel complex (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b, E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000). There is widespread clearance of Euterpe sp. palms for pasture and plantations, both of which provide unsuitable habitat for this species (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999b). Such plantations have reduced available habitat in the Vale do Mambucaba (E. Mendonça and L. P. Gonzaga in litt. 2000).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation Actions Underway It is protected under Brazilian law and occurs in the buffer-zone of the Serra da Bocaína National Park. It may occur in Tamoios Environmental Protection Area, but the limits of this reserve are unclear on the ground (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a). Conservation Actions Proposed Monitor populations. Designate protected areas in Mambucaba and Ariró. Ensure that the Tamoios Environmental Protection Area encompasses part of this species's range. Devise strategies for habitat management that favour this species.

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions Underway
It is protected under Brazilian law and occurs in the buffer-zone of the Serra da Bocaína National Park. It may occur in Tamoios Environmental Protection Area, but the limits of this reserve are unclear on the ground (Mendonça and Gonzaga 1999a).

Conservation Actions Proposed
Monitor populations. Designate protected areas in Mambucaba and Ariró. Ensure that the Tamoios Environmental Protection Area encompasses part of this species's range. Devise strategies for habitat management that favour this species.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2012. Formicivora erythronotos. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 May 2013.
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