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Harpia harpyja
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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FALCONIFORMES
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Family:
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ACCIPITRIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Harpia harpyja
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Species Authority:
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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Common Name/s:
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| English | — | HARPY EAGLE |
| French | — | AIGLE HARPIE, HARPIE FÉROCE, HARPYE |
| Spanish | — | AGUILA ARPÍA, AGUILA HARPÍA, ARPÍA MAYOR, ARPÍA, HARPÍA |
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Stattersfield, A., Benstead, P. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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Nearly qualifies for listing as threatened under criteria A2cd+3cd.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Threatened (Collar and Andrew 1988) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/near threatened (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/near threatened (BirdLife International 2000) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Harpia harpyja is sparsely distributed and generally rare throughout its extensive range in south Mexico, Guatemala, Belize (recently confirmed9), Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama (including four birds introduced in 19981), Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana (perhaps 200-400 pairs11), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and north-east Argentina (Misiones, but formerly Formosa, Salta and Jujuy4,5). It is thought to be locally or regionally extinct in large parts of its former range, notably most of central and north Central America and possibly Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil2,3, but recent records suggest that the population in the southern Atlantic forests may be migratory6. It occurs in uninterrupted expanses of lowland tropical forest (typically below 900 m but locally to 2,000 m), but will nest where high-grade forestry has been practised, and use forest patches within a pasture/forest mosaic for hunting2,10. Nests have been reported only 3 km apart in Panama and Guyana2. Although still reasonably common in the Amazonian forests of Brazil and Peru7, it will only survive in the long term if the escalating rate of forest destruction in the region is brought under control and a network of inviolate reserves established2,8. Low overall population densities and slow reproductive rates make shooting the most significant threat over its entire range2,3. It could perhaps survive in disturbed forests or even forest mosaics if its large size and boldness in the face of humans did not make it an irresistible target for hunters2,3. It presumably also suffers from competition with humans for prey6. CITES Appendix I and II.
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Countries:
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Native:
Argentina; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Suriname; Venezuela
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Habitat and Ecology
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