Gorilla gorilla

Allen, J.G. 1932. Gorilla hunting in southern Nigeria. Nigerian Field 1: 4-9.

Baidya Roy, S., Walsh, P.D. and Lichstein, J.W. 2005. Can logging in equatorial Africa affect adjacent parks? Ecology and Society 10: 6 [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss1/art6/].

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Beamont, D. 2004. Possible existence of previously unrecorded subpopulations of Critically Endangered Cross River gorilla and chimpanzee. Oryx 38: 252.

Bergl, R.A. 2006. Conservation Biology of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli). Ph.D. thesis, City University of New York.

Bergl, R.A. and Vigilant, L. 2007. Genetic analysis reveals population structure and recent migration within the highly fragmented range of the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli). Molecular Ecology 16: 501-516.

Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J.D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C. and Walsh, P.D. 2006. Ebola outbreak kills 5000 gorillas. Science. 314: 1564.

Bikié, H., Collomb, J.-G., Djomo, L., Minnemeyer, S., Ngoufo, R. and Nguiffo, S. 2000. An overview of logging in Cameroon. WRI, Washington, DC.

Blake, S. 2006. Final report on elephant and ape surveys in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, 2005. WCS unpublished report

Butynski, T.M. 2001. Africa's great apes. In: B.B. Beck, T.S. Stoinski, M. Hutchins, T.L. Maple, B. Norton, A. Rowan, E.F. Stevens, A. Arluke (eds). Great Apes and Humans: The Ethics of Coexistence, pp. 3-56. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Caillaud, D. Levréro, F., Cristescu, R., Gatti, S., Dewas, M., Douadi, M., Gautier-Hion, A., Raymond, M. and Ménard, N. 2006. Gorilla susceptibility to Ebola virus: the cost of sociality. Current Biology 16: 489-491.

Cochrane, M.A. 2003 Fire science for rainforests. Nature 421: 913-919.

Collomb, J-G., Mikissa, J.-B., Minnemeyer, S., Mundunga, S., Nzao Nzao, H., Madouma, J., de Dieu Mapaga, J., Mikolo, C., Rabenkogo, N., Akagah, S., Bayani-Ngoye, E. and Mofouma, A. 2000. A first look at logging in Gabon. WRI, Washington, DC.

Elkan, P.W., Elkan, S.W., Moukassa, A., Malonga, R., Ngangoue, M. and Smith, J.L.D. 2006. Management of bushmeat hunting in a timber concession in northern Republic of Congo. In: C.A. Peres and W. Laurance (eds). Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

FAO. 2000. Global forest resources assessment, main report. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.

Giannini, A., Saravanan, R. and Chang, P. 2003. Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales. Science 302(1027): 1027-1030.

Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Groves, C.P. 2001. The Taxonomy of Primates. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Groves, C.P. 2005. A note on the affinities of the Ebo Forest Gorilla. Gorilla Journal 31:19-21.

Groves, J. 2002. Report on the status and distribution of the Cross River gorilla Gorilla gorilla diehli of the Takamanda and Mone Forest Reserves and the Mbulu Forest, South West Province, Cameroon. WCS, Whitley Foundation, & the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation.

Harcourt, A.H. 1995. Population viability estimates: theory and practice for a wild gorilla population. Conservation Biology 9: 134-142.

Harcourt, A.H. 1996. Is the gorilla a threatened species? How should we judge? Biological Conservation 75: 165-176.

Harcourt, A.H. and Parks, S.A. 2003. Threatened primate taxa experience high human densities: adding an index of threat to the IUCN Red List criteria. Biological Conservation 109: 137-149.

Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler). 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Huijbregts, B., De Wachter, P., Obiang, L. and Akou, M. 2003. Ebola and the decline of gorilla Gorilla gorilla and chimpanzee Pan troglodytes populations in Minkebe Forest, north-eastern Gabon. Oryx 37: 437-443.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1988. 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 1996. African Primates: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Revised Edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Keith, D.A., McCarthy, M.A., Regan, H., Regan, T., Bowles, C., Drill, C., Craig, C., Pellow, B., Burgman, M.A., Master, L.L., Ruckelshaus, M., Mackenzie, B., Andelman, S.J. and Wade, P.R. 2004. Protocols for listing threatened species can forecast extinction. Ecology Letters 7: 1101-1108.

Lahm, S., Kombila, M., Swanepoel, R. and Barnes, R. 2006. Morbidity and mortality of wild animals in relation to outbreaks of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Gabon, 1994-2003. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101(1): 64-78.

Lee, P.C., Thornback, J. and Bennett, E.L. 1988. Threatened Primates of Africa. The IUCN Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Leroy, E.M., Kumulungui, B., Pourrut, X., Rouquet, P., Hassanin, A., Yaba, P., Delicat, A., Paweska, J., Gonzales, J-P. and Swanepoel, R. 2005. Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 438: 575-576.

Levréro, F., Gatti, S., Gautier-Hion, A. and Ménard, N. 2007. Yaws disease in a wild gorilla population and its impact on the reproductive status of males. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132: 568-575.

Maisels, F. 2005. Ivindo National Park, Gabon: large mammals & human impact; first results of the transects. In: WCS Gabon; 4.

Maisels, F., Ella Akou, M., Douckaga, M. and Moundounga, A. 2004. Mwagne National Park, Gabon: large mammals & human impact. WCS/WWF Gabon

Maisels, F., Ella Akou, M., Douckaga, M. and Moundounga, A. 2004. Mwagne National Park, Gabon: large mammals and human impact. WCS/WWF Gabon.

March, E.W. 1957. Gorillas of Eastern Nigeria. Oryx 4: 30-34.

McFarland, K.L. 2007. Ecology of Cross River Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) on Afi Mountain, Cross River State, Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York.

Minnemeyer, S. with contributions from Walker, T., Collomb, J.G., Cotton, L. and Bryant, D. 2002. An analysis of access to Central Africa’s rainforests. WRI, Washington, DC.

Morgan, B.J., Wild, C. and Ekobo, A. 2003. Newly discovered gorilla population in the Ebo Forest, Littoral Province, Cameroon. International Journal of Primatology 24: 1129-1137.

Morgan, D. and Sanz, C. In prep. Best Practice Guidelines for Reducing the Impact of Commercial Logging on Wild Apes in West Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Ngalla, P.T., Miles, L. and Caldecott, J. 2005. Republic of Cameroon. In: J. Caldecott and L. Miles (eds). World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation. University of California Press, California, pp 305-314.

Oates, J.F., Bergl. R.A. and Linder, J.M. 2004. Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests: Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities. Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science 6: 1-90, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International., Washington, DC.

Oates, J.F., McFarland, K.L., Groves, J.L., Bergl, R.A., Linder, J.M. and Disotell, T.R. 2003. The Cross River Gorilla: Natural History and Status of a Neglected and Critically Endangered Subspecies. In: A.B. Taylor and M.L. Goldsmith (eds). Gorilla Biology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective, pp. 472-497. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Oates, J.F., Sunderland-Groves, J.L., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Nicholas, A., Takang, E., Omeni, F., Imong, I. Fotso, R., Nkembi, L. and Williamson, E.A. 2007. Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli). Conservation International, Washington D.C.

Oates, J.F., White, D., Gadsby, E.L. and Bisong, P.O. 1990. Appendix 1: Conservation of gorillas and other species. Cross River National Park (Okwangwo Division): Plan for Developing the Park and Its Support Zone. World Wide Fund for Nature, Godalming, UK.

Robbins, M., Bermejo, M., Cipolletta, C., Magliocca, F., Parnell, R. and Stokes, E. 2004. Social structure and life-history patterns in western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). American Journal of Primatology 64:145-159.

Rogers, M., Abernethy, K., Bermejo, M., Cipolletta, C., Doran, D., McFarland, K., Nishihara, T., Remis, M. and Tutin, C. 2004. Western gorilla diet: A synthesis from six sites. American Journal of Primatology 64: 173-192.

Sarmiento, E.E. 2003. The Cross River gorilla: The most endangered gorilla subspecies. Primate Conservation 19: 65-72.

Sarmiento, E.E. and Oates, J.F. 2000. The Cross River gorillas: a distinct subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904. Page 55. American Museum Novitates. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Sunderland-Groves, J.L., Maisels, F. and Ekinde, A. 2003. Surveys of the Cross River Gorilla and Chimpanzee populations in Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. In: J.A. Comiskey, T.C.H. Sunderland and J.L. Sunderland-Groves (eds). Takamanda - the biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 8: 129-140. Washington, DC., Smithsonian Institution.

Tutin, C., Stokes, E., Boesch, C., Morgan, D., Sanz, C., Reed, T., Blom, A., Walsh, P., Blake, S. and Kormos, R. 2005. Regional Action Plan for the conservation of chimpanzees and gorillas in western equatorial Africa. 36 pp. Conservation International, Washington D.C.

Walsh, P.D. 2005. Ebola Impact on Western Gorilla and Common Chimpanzee Populations in Gabon and Congo. Unpublished report to the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Walsh, P.D. 2006. Ebola and Commercial Hunting: Dim Prospects for African Apes. In: C.A. Peres and W. Laurance (eds). Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Walsh, P.D., Abernethy, K.A., Bermejo, M., Beyersk, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M.E., Huijbregts, B., Mambounga, D.I., Toham, A.K., Kilbournk, A.M., Lahmq, S.A., Latourk, S., Maiselsk, S.F., Mbinak, C., Mihindouk, Y., Obiang, S.N., Effa, E.N. and Starkeyk, M. 2003. Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. Nature 422: 611-614.

Walsh, P.D., Biek, R. and Real, L.A. 2005. Wave-like spread of Ebola Zaire. Public Library of Science, Biology 3: 1946-1953.

Walsh, P.D., Breuer, T., Sanz, C., Morgan, D. and Doran-Sheehy, D. 2007. Potential for Ebola transmission between gorilla and chimpanzee social groups. American Naturalist 169: 684-689.

White, L.J.T. and Tutin, C.E.G. 2001. Why chimpanzees and gorillas respond differently to logging: A cautionary tale from Gabon. In: W. Weber, L.J.T. White, A. Vedder and L. Naughton-Treves (eds). African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation, pp. 449-462. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Williamson, E.A. and Butynski, T. In prep. Gorilla beringei. In: Mammals of Africa.