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Gallinago media
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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CHARADRIIFORMES
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Family:
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SCOLOPACIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Gallinago media
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Species Authority:
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(Latham, 1787)
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Common Name/s:
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2006
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Butchart, S. & Stattersfield, A. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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Nearly qualifies as threatened under criteria A2cd+3cd.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Near-threatened (Collar and Andrew 1988) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/near threatened (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/near threatened (BirdLife International 2000) |
| 2004 | - | Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2004) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Gallinago media breeds primarily in Russia, east to 95°E (150,000-250,000 pairs), with large numbers in Belarus (12,000-20,000 pairs) and Norway (5,000-15,000 pairs). It also breeds in Poland, Finland, Sweden, Estonia (500-700 males2), Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The total population is estimated at 118,000-1,050,000 individuals4. From early August, it migrates through central Asia, central and south-eastern Europe (notably Turkey and Cyprus) and Egypt, with birds gathering in wet high-plateau grasslands in Ethiopia1. When these dry out in October, birds follow the rains south and west to Sudan, Chad, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Angola and Namibia. Its range has contracted and numbers have declined since the late 19th century. Although the Scandinavian population has stabilised, there are continuing rapid declines in the southern forest and forest-steppe zones of Russia and Ukraine. These are largely a result of the destruction and deterioration of nesting habitats which include flood-plain and tussock meadows, natural fens with scattered bushes and peatlands up to 1,200 m. The main causes of habitat loss are conversion to intensive agriculture2, wetland drainage and the submergence of river valleys during the creation of reservoirs. It is also hunted in eastern Europe and in its wintering range. An international action plan has been drafted3. CMS Appendix II.
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Countries:
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Native:
Albania; Angola; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Benin; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Chad; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Côte d'Ivoire; Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; France; Gabon; Georgia; Ghana; Greece; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Israel; Italy; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Liberia; Lithuania; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malawi; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Moldova, Republic of; Montenegro; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Sierra Leone; Slovakia; Slovenia; South Africa; Sudan; Sweden; Tanzania, United Republic of; Togo; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Vagrant:
Algeria; Bahrain; Belgium; Botswana; British Indian Ocean Territory; Gambia; India; Ireland; Jordan; Kuwait; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Luxembourg; Morocco; Myanmar; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Portugal; Qatar; Seychelles; Somalia; Spain; Sri Lanka; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; United Kingdom; Yemen
Regionally extinct vagrant:
Netherlands
Regionally extinct:
Denmark; Germany
Possibly extinct regionally:
Finland
Uncertain presence and origin:
Afghanistan
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Habitat and Ecology
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