Torpedo tremens

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	CHONDRICHTHYES	TORPEDINIFORMES	TORPEDINIDAE

Scientific Name:

Torpedo tremens

Species Authority

Infra-specific Authority:

de Buen, 1959

Common Name/s:

English	–	Chilean Torpedo, Torpedo Electric Ray
Spanish	–	Tembladera

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Data Deficient ver 3.1
Year Assessed:	2006
Assessor/s	Lamilla, J. & Romero, M.
Evaluator/s:	Kyne, P.M., de Carvalho, M.R. & Fowler, S.L. (Shark Red List Authority)
Justification: A poorly known electric ray from the Eastern Pacific recorded from Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile. Has been reported from shallow inshore waters to a depth of 700 m (in Peru). Virtually nothing known of its biology, and no information available on interactions with fisheries, although it is most definitely taken as bycatch in various fisheries throughout its range. Research into distribution, life history and bycatch is a priority. Insufficient information to assess the species beyond Data Deficient at present.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	As presently known, range is disjunct in the Eastern Pacific, however, the species’ distribution needs to be better defined.
Countries:	Native: Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Peru
FAO Marine Fishing Areas:	Native: Pacific; Pacific

Population [top]

Population:	Unknown.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2004) reports this species occurring on the continental shelf, usually in very shallow waters. In Peru, however, it is reported to 700 m depth. In Chile it is reported from 20 to 60 m depth. This species is viviparous and feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. Nothing else is known of its biology. To a maximum size of 80 cm TL. Life history parameters Age at maturity (years): Unknown. Size at maturity (total length cm): Unknown. Longevity (years): Unknown. Maximum size (total length): 80 cm TL. Size at birth (cm): Unknown. Average reproductive age (years): Unknown. Gestation time (months): Unknown. Reproductive periodicity: Unknown. Average annual fecundity or litter size: Unknown. Annual rate of population increase: Unknown. Natural mortality: Unknown.
Systems:	Marine

Habitat and Ecology:

FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2004) reports this species occurring on the continental shelf, usually in very shallow waters. In Peru, however, it is reported to 700 m depth. In Chile it is reported from 20 to 60 m depth. This species is viviparous and feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. Nothing else is known of its biology. To a maximum size of 80 cm TL.

Life history parameters
Age at maturity (years): Unknown.
Size at maturity (total length cm): Unknown.
Longevity (years): Unknown.
Maximum size (total length): 80 cm TL.
Size at birth (cm): Unknown.
Average reproductive age (years): Unknown.
Gestation time (months): Unknown.
Reproductive periodicity: Unknown.
Average annual fecundity or litter size: Unknown.
Annual rate of population increase: Unknown.
Natural mortality: Unknown.

Systems:

Marine

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There is no information on the catch of this species in targeted fisheries, although it is almost certainly taken as bycatch in various fisheries throughout its range.

Major Threat(s):

There is no information on the catch of this species in targeted fisheries, although it is almost certainly taken as bycatch in various fisheries throughout its range.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	There are currently no management measures in place for this species. Research into its distribution and life history is of high priority. The development and implementation of management plans (national and/or regional e.g., under the FAO International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks: IPOA–Sharks) are required to facilitate the conservation and sustainable management of all chondrichthyan species in the region. See Anon. (2004) for an update of progress made by nations in the range of T. tremens.

Conservation Actions:

There are currently no management measures in place for this species. Research into its distribution and life history is of high priority.

The development and implementation of management plans (national and/or regional e.g., under the FAO International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks: IPOA–Sharks) are required to facilitate the conservation and sustainable management of all chondrichthyan species in the region. See Anon. (2004) for an update of progress made by nations in the range of T. tremens.

Citation:	IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 October 2008.
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