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Tylototriton shanjing
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AMPHIBIA
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Order:
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CAUDATA
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Family:
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SALAMANDRIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Tylototriton shanjing
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Species Authority:
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Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995
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Taxonomic Notes:
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There is a nomenclatural problem with this species, and the name might change (A. Ohler pers. comm.).
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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Ohler, A., Shunqing, L. & Datong, Y.
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Evaluator/s:
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Stuart, S., Chanson, J. & Cox, N. (Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team)
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Justification:
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Listed as Near Threatened because it is in significant decline (but at a rate of less than 30% over ten years) because it is being over-harvested and is suffering from habitat loss and degradation, making the species close to qualifying for Vulnerable.
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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This species is known from central, western and southern Yunnan, China, from 1,000-2,500 m asl. The boundary between this species and Tylototriton verrucosus is not clear, and it is possible that T. shanjing occurs in Myanmar.
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Range Map:
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 (click for detailed map)
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Countries:
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Native:
China
Uncertain presence and origin:
Lao People's Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Viet Nam
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Population
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Population:
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It is very common in central, western and southern Yunnan, but is less common in the northern part of its range.
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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It inhabits hill forests and secondary forest, where it breeds by larval development in pools, ponds and ditches, including some artificial waterbodies.
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System:
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Terrestrial; Freshwater
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List of Habitats:
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| 1.9 | Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane |
| 5.7 | Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
| 5.8 | Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
| 15.2 | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) |
| 15.7 | Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) |
| 15.9 | Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches |
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Threats
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Threats:
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The major threat to this species is over-collecting for traditional medicine. Small numbers are also exported for the international pet trade, and its habitats are also being threatened by infrastructure development for human settlement.
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List of Threats:
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| 1.1.1.2 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Crops - Small-holder farming (ongoing) |
| 1.4.2 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Human settlement (ongoing) |
| 3.2.1 | Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Medicine - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing) |
| 3.2.2 | Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Medicine - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing) |
| 3.5.3 | Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities - Regional/international trade (ongoing) |
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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The range of this species overlaps with a number of protected areas in the region, and it is bred in captivity in Europe and North America.
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List of Conservation Actions:
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| 1.2.1.3 | Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - Sub-national level (in place, needed) |
| 1.2.2.3 | Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - Sub-national level (in place, needed) |
| 2.2 | Communication and Education - Awareness (needed) |
| 3.4 | Research actions - Habitat status (needed) |
| 3.5 | Research actions - Threats (needed) |
| 3.6 | Research actions - Uses and harvest levels (needed) |
| 3.8 | Research actions - Conservation measures (needed) |
| 3.9 | Research actions - Trends/Monitoring (needed) |
| 4.1 | Habitat and site-based actions - Maintenance/Conservation (in place, needed) |
| 4.4.1 | Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Identification of new protected areas (needed) |
| 4.4.2 | Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Establishment (in place, needed) |
| 4.4.3 | Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Management (in place, needed) |
| 5.3.1 | Species-based actions - Sustainable use - Harvest management (needed) |
| 5.3.2 | Species-based actions - Sustainable use - Trade management (needed) |
| 5.7.1 | Species-based actions - Ex situ conservation actions - Captive breeding/Artificial propagation (in place) |
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Bibliography
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Bibliography:
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Amphibian Data. For additional documentation about utilization and CITES status, click on the Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) link above to see the GAA account for this species or alternatively follow this link to the search function on the Global Amphibian Assessment web site and run your own search. MacKinnon, J., Meng, S., Cheung, C., Carey, G., Zhu, X. and Melville, D. 1996. A Biodiversity Review of China. World Wide Fund for Nature International, Hong Kong. Nussbaum, R.A., Brodie, E.D. and Datong, Y. 1995. A taxonomic review of Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetologica 51(3): 257-268. The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Hengduan Mountains. Science Press, Beijing. Zhao, E.-M. 1998. China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals - Amphibia. Science Press, Beijing.
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