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Barbourula kalimantanensis
– Endangered
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AMPHIBIA
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Order:
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ANURA
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Family:
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BOMBINATORIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Barbourula kalimantanensis
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Species Authority:
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Iskandar, 1978
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Common Name/s:
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BORNEAN FLAT-HEADED FROG (Eng)
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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EN B2ab(iii) ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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Inger, R., Das, I., Stuebing, R., Lakim, M. & Yambun, P.
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Evaluator/s:
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Stuart, S., Chanson, J. & Cox, N. (Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team)
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Justification:
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Listed as Endangered because its area of occupancy is probably less than 500 km², with all individuals in fewer than five locations, and the extent of its forest habitat in Kalimantan is probably declining.
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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This species is known only from West Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo, where it is presently known only from two localities in the middle of the Kapuas River basin: Nanga Sayan (0° 44'S; 111° 40'E), 33 km south of Nanga Pinoh; and Sungai Kelawit (0° 37'S; 111° 47'E), in the Melawi River basin, about 1 km upstream from Nanga Pintas. It presumably ranges at least a little more widely, but it probably has a restricted distribution.
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Range Map:
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 (click for detailed map)
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Countries:
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Native:
Indonesia
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Population
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Population:
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It is known only from two specimens collected 20 years apart. Directed surveys, in suitable habitat, close to the type locality have not recovered any further populations. This suggests that either the species has a very limited distribution or that it exists in very small numbers (R.F. Inger pers. comm.).
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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Both known specimens were collected in clear rocky rivers, about 20-50 m wide, under large rocks in midstream within tropical moist forest. The morphology of these frogs and the sites of collection indicate that this species is fully aquatic, and is probably dependent upon clear water with a high oxygen content. Breeding ecology is not known, but it possibly breeds by direct development. It has not been found in open areas outside forest.
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System:
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Terrestrial; Freshwater
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List of Habitats:
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| 1.6 | Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland |
| 5.1 | Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
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Threats
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Threats:
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The area where this species occurs is now very highly disturbed due to illegal gold mining, and the rivers have become severely degraded as a result of siltation and also pollution with mercury waste (following its use for gold extraction). It is probably also affected by siltation of its aquatic habitat following deforestation of the surrounding land.
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List of Threats:
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| 1.3.1 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Mining (present, future) |
| 1.3.3.3 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Wood - Clear-cutting (ongoing) |
| 6.3.3 | Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Commercial/Industrial (present, future) |
| 6.3.7 | Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Sediment (ongoing) |
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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It is not known from any protected areas, and effective conservation of large areas of remaining forest habitat is urgently required to help prevent the siltation of rivers.
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List of Conservation Actions:
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| 3.2 | Research actions - Population numbers and range (needed) |
| 3.3 | Research actions - Biology and Ecology (needed) |
| 3.5 | Research actions - Threats (needed) |
| 3.8 | Research actions - Conservation measures (needed) |
| 4.1 | Habitat and site-based actions - Maintenance/Conservation (needed) |
| 4.4.2 | Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Establishment (needed) |
| 4.4.3 | Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Management (needed) |
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Bibliography
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Bibliography:
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Amphibian Data. For additional documentation about utilization and CITES status, click on the Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) link above to see the GAA account for this species or alternatively follow this link to the search function on the Global Amphibian Assessment web site and run your own search. Iskandar, D.T. 1978. A new species of Barbourula: First record of a discoglossid anuran in Borneo. Copeia 1978: 564-566. Iskandar, D.T. 1995. Note on the second specimen of Barbourula kalimantanensis (Amphibia: Anura: Discoglossidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43: 309-311.
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