Colinus virginianus
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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GALLIFORMES
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Family:
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ODONTOPHORIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Colinus virginianus
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Species Authority:
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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Common Name/s:
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| English | — | NORTHERN BOBWHITE |
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Stattersfield, A. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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Nearly qualifies for listing as threatened under criteria A2bc+3bc.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Colinus virginianus is resident throughout east North America (from south Mexico and west Guatemala through the USA to extreme southern Canada)1,3. Populations of subspecies cubanensis on Cuba and the Isle of Pines may be natural, but many introduced populations exist across the world1,3,4. It is found in early successional vegetation in a variety of habitats, created by disturbances from fire, agriculture and timber-harvesting1. It has suffered a steady, long-term decline in most states in the USA1,2, with the exception of Texas1. Declines are greatest in the south-east1,3. Mexican populations are poorly known and some subspecies could be threatened3. Changes in agricultural land use (weed removal and herbicide use), forestry (high-density pine plantations), and lack of use of prescribed fire have resulted in widespread habitat fragmentation1. Subspecies ridgwayi is on CITES APPENDIX I3.
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Countries:
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Native:
Canada; Cuba; Guatemala; Mexico; United States
Introduced:
Bahamas; China; Dominican Republic; France; Haiti; Italy; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Turks and Caicos Islands; Virgin Islands, U.S.
Introduced (regionally extinct):
New Zealand
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Habitat and Ecology
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System:
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Terrestrial
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List of Habitats:
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| 3.5 | Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry |
| 4.4 | Grassland - Temperate |
| 14.6 | Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest |
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Threats
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List of Threats:
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| 1.1.1.3 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Crops - Agro-industry farming (ongoing) |
| 1.1.2 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Wood plantations (ongoing) |
| 1.1.4.3 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Livestock - Agro-industry (ongoing) |
| 3.5 | Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities (ongoing) |
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Conservation Actions
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List of Conservation Actions:
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| 3.6 | Research actions - Uses and harvest levels (needed) |
| 3.8 | Research actions - Conservation measures (needed) |
| 4.1 | Habitat and site-based actions - Maintenance/Conservation (needed) |
| 5.3.2 | Species-based actions - Sustainable use - Trade management (needed) |
| 5.8 | Species-based actions - Other (needed) |
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Bibliography
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Bibliography:
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Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places:
For References from A–L.
For References from M–Z. BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K. BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
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