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Sterna sandvicensis
– Least Concern
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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CHARADRIIFORMES
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Family:
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LARIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Sterna sandvicensis
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Species Authority:
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Latham, 1787
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Common Name/s:
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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LC ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Ekstrom, J. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000–1,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 460,000–500,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 100,000-1,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 460,000-500,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
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Countries:
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Native:
Albania; Algeria; Angola; Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas; Bahrain; Barbados; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Brazil; Bulgaria; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Chile; Colombia; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Costa Rica; Cuba; Côte d'Ivoire; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Eritrea; Estonia; France; French Guiana; Gabon; Gambia; Germany; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kuwait; Latvia; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malta; Martinique; Mauritania; Mexico; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Panama; Peru; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Slovenia; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Sweden; Switzerland; Tanzania, United Republic of; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos Islands; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Venezuela; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Western Sahara; Yemen
Vagrant:
Bermuda; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Ethiopia; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Finland; Hungary; Iceland; Jordan; Lebanon; Montenegro; Seychelles; Slovakia; Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Uncertain presence and origin:
Honduras
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Habitat and Ecology
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System:
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Terrestrial; Marine
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List of Habitats:
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| 9.1 | Marine Neritic - Pelagic |
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Bibliography
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Bibliography:
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Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places:
For References from A–L.
For References from M–Z. BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K. BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
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