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Pagophila eburnea
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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CHARADRIIFORMES
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Family:
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LARIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Pagophila eburnea
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Species Authority:
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(Phipps, 1774)
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Common Name/s:
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2006
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Butchart, S. & Stattersfield, A. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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Nearly qualifies as threatened under criteria A2bc+3bc.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000) |
| 2004 | - | Lower Risk/conservation dependent (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2005 | - | Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2005) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Pagophila eburnea has a near-circumpolar distribution in the Arctic seas and pack ice, breeding from north Canada through Greenland (to Denmark), Svalbard (Svalbard and Jan Meyan Islands (to Norway)) and islands off northern Russia. There are 4,500-22,000 individuals in the Russian Arctic, with 2,500-10,000 in European Russia15, 4,000 on Severnaya Zemliya1, and 8,000 on Franz Josef Land and Victoria Island; plus 500-700 in northeast Canada in 2002-200313, 500-1,000 in Greenland13, and 50-200 in Svalbard13, giving total of 15,550-23,900 individuals, perhaps best placed in the band 15,000-25,000 individuals. The population is possibly larger: aerial estimates of up to 35,000+ between Canada and Greenland were made in 1978-1979 16. The Spitsbergen population is probably decreasing11, but on Victoria Island12 and Severnaya Zemlya1 no decrease has been detected. However, recent surveys have revealed that the Canadian populations have declined from 2,400 birds in 1987 to 500-700 birds in 2002-200313, representing an 80% decline in that period across the Canadian breeding range in all three known nesting habitat types14. Birds have disappeared from 13 known and three suspected breeding colony sites. Declines may be linked to the decrease in Arctic sea ice cover (which declined 3% per decade from 1978 to 1998, and continues to shrink). For these reasons, the species has been precautionarily placed in the Near Threatened category, and further information is needed from the rest of the range, particularly from populations in the Russian Arctic.
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Countries:
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Native:
Canada; Greenland; Iceland; Japan; Russian Federation; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; United States
Vagrant:
Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Ireland; Italy; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom
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Habitat and Ecology
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System:
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Terrestrial; Marine
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