|
|
Columba livia
– Least Concern
Taxonomy
|
Kingdom:
|
ANIMALIA
|
|
Phylum:
|
CHORDATA
|
|
Class:
|
AVES
|
|
Order:
|
COLUMBIFORMES
|
|
Family:
|
COLUMBIDAE
|
|
Scientific Name:
|
Columba livia
|
|
Species Authority:
|
Gmelin, 1789
|
|
Common Name/s:
|
|
Assessment Information
|
Red List Category & Criteria:
|
LC ver 3.1 (2001)
|
|
Year Assessed:
|
2004
|
|
Assessor/s:
|
BirdLife International
|
|
Evaluator/s:
|
Ekstrom, J. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
|
|
Justification:
|
This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 10,000,000 km². It has a large global population, including an estimated 17,000,000–28,000,000 individuals in Europe (BirdLife International in prep.). Global population trends have not been quantified; there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al. 1997), but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
|
|
History:
|
| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000) |
|
Geographic Range
|
Range Description:
|
This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 10,000,000 km². It has a large global population, including an estimated 17,000,000-28,000,000 individuals in Europe (BirdLife International in prep.). Global population trends have not been quantified; there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al. 1997), but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
|
|
Countries:
|
Native:
Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Aruba; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Bhutan; Bolivia; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Brazil; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Chad; Chile; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Côte d'Ivoire; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Estonia; Ethiopia; Faroe Islands; Fiji; Finland; France; French Guiana; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Greenland; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Hungary; Iceland; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Mali; Malta; Martinique; Mauritania; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated States of; Moldova, Republic of; Mongolia; Montenegro; Montserrat; Morocco; Myanmar; Nepal; Netherlands Antilles; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Romania; Russian Federation; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sao Tomé and Principe; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos Islands; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Venezuela; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Western Sahara; Yemen
Introduced:
Angola; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Djibouti; French Polynesia; Gibraltar; Grenada; Indonesia; Jamaica; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liechtenstein; Malaysia; Maldives; Mauritius; Mozambique; Namibia; New Zealand; Saint Helena; Seychelles; Singapore; Somalia; South Africa; Swaziland; Thailand; United States; Viet Nam; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Vagrant:
Eritrea
|
Habitat and Ecology
|
System:
|
Terrestrial
|
|
List of Habitats:
|
| 14.2 | Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland |
| 14.6 | Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest |
|
Bibliography
|
Bibliography:
|
Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places:
For References from A–L.
For References from M–Z. BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K. BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
|
|
|
