Cercopithecus pogonias

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	CERCOPITHECIDAE

Scientific Name:

Cercopithecus pogonias

Species Authority:

Bennett, 1833

Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. denti

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. elegans

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. grayi

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. nigripes

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. pogonias

See Cercopithecus pogonias ssp. wolfi

Common Name/s:

English	–	Crowned Monkey, Crowned Guenon, Golden-bellied Guenon, Golden-bellied Monkey, Wolf's Monkey
French	–	Guenon Couronné, Mone
Spanish	–	Mono Coronado

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2008

Assessor/s

Oates, J.F., Hart, J., Butynksi, T. & Groves, C.P.

Evaluator/s:

Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:
This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its widespread distribution and because it is not likely to be declining fast enough to warrant listing in a higher category of threat.

History:

2000	–	Lower Risk/least concern (Hilton-Taylor 2000)
1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This widespread species ranges from the Cross River in Nigeria, east and south to the Congo Basin where it is widespread and found throughout, ranging eastwards to Rwanda, and Uganda, and southwards into the forests south of the River Kasai. Also present on Bioko Island, where it has a limited distribution on the southern slopes of the Southern Highlands up to about 1,250 m asl; a small population on the southern slopes of Pico Basile was probably hunted out in 2000 (Hearn et al. 2006). There are seven subspecies: The distribution of the nominate subspecies, C. p. pogonias is a little unclear. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) restrict it to Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, with an unnamed subspecies replacing C. p. pogonias on the mainland north of the Sanaga River. However, Groves (2001) records C. p. pogonias as occurring from the Cross River across the River Sanaga to Río Muni, and includes Bioko. The current treatment considers this subspecies to include the animals on Bioko, as well as the form occurring on the mainland between the Cross and Niger Rivers. According to Groves (2001), the subspecies C. p. nigripes ranges from Río Muni (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon and Congo, south into Cabinda (Angola). However, this distribution does not conform with that mapped by Gautier-Hion et al. (1999), who map grayi as the form in Cabinda. C. p. grayi ranges from south Cameroon (middle Sanaga River) east to the Central African Republic, and south into Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo north of the Congo River. It ranges as far eastwards as about the Itimbiri River north of the Congo River. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) map this species occurring south to the mouth of the Congo River. C. p. denti is found in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and north of the Congo-Lualaba River, extending north into the Central African Republic, but not found to the west of the Itimbiri River. This subspecies has also been recorded from western Rwanda and Uganda. The subspecies C. p. wolfi ranges between the Congo and Sankuru Rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. C. p. elegans ranges between the Lomani and Lualaba Rivers south of 2ºS. C. p. pyrogaster is found between the Rivers Kwango and Kasai-Lulua in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Angola.
Countries:	Native: Angola; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Equatorial Guinea (Bioko); Gabon; Nigeria; Rwanda; Uganda
Range Map:	(click map to view full version)

Population [top]

Population:	It is common in some parts of its range, but rare in some regions. Unlike for many other primates on Bioko, this island may be one of the strongholds for C. pogonias and especially for the nominate subspecies. In 1992, Mate and Colell (1995) found C. p. pogonias to be by far the most common monkey at their study side on the south-east coast of Bioko, recording densities of 1.8-2.25 individuals/km², perhaps because hunting of primates is lower on the south coast of Bioko as anywhere on the island (T. Butynski pers. obs.). Hearn et al. (2006) did not record any significant decline of the species on Bioko between 1986 and 2006.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Population:

It is common in some parts of its range, but rare in some regions. Unlike for many other primates on Bioko, this island may be one of the strongholds for C. pogonias and especially for the nominate subspecies. In 1992, Mate and Colell (1995) found C. p. pogonias to be by far the most common monkey at their study side on the south-east coast of Bioko, recording densities of 1.8-2.25 individuals/km², perhaps because hunting of primates is lower on the south coast of Bioko as anywhere on the island (T. Butynski pers. obs.). Hearn et al. (2006) did not record any significant decline of the species on Bioko between 1986 and 2006.

Population Trend:

Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It is associated with lowland tropical forest, especially primary high-canopy forest, but may also be found in mature secondary mature up to submontane and montane elevations. This species lives in groups of eight to 20 animals.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	This species has been impacted in parts of its range by habitat loss through deforestation, agriculture and human settlement, and it is also hunted for meat across most of its range. Results of survey work in Korup N. P. in Cameroon suggest that, although C. pogonias is small bodied, it might be more vulnerable to hunting than other guenon species due to its relatively narrow feeding and habitat requirements. Populations of C. p. pogonias appear to be declining in the north-east section of Korup N. P. and might have already been extirpated from areas of the park that are most heavily hunted and where anti-poaching patrols are absent. Results from forests near to Korup N. P. also suggest that hunting has reduced or eliminated populations of C. pogonias. However, populations appear to be increasing in southern Korup N. P. This may be the result of the relatively low hunting pressure (compared with north-east Korup) and/or a potentially more favourable habitat for this species in southern Korup (Linder 2008).

Major Threat(s):

This species has been impacted in parts of its range by habitat loss through deforestation, agriculture and human settlement, and it is also hunted for meat across most of its range.

Results of survey work in Korup N. P. in Cameroon suggest that, although C. pogonias is small bodied, it might be more vulnerable to hunting than other guenon species due to its relatively narrow feeding and habitat requirements. Populations of C. p. pogonias appear to be declining in the north-east section of Korup N. P. and might have already been extirpated from areas of the park that are most heavily hunted and where anti-poaching patrols are absent. Results from forests near to Korup N. P. also suggest that hunting has reduced or eliminated populations of C. pogonias. However, populations appear to be increasing in southern Korup N. P. This may be the result of the relatively low hunting pressure (compared with north-east Korup) and/or a potentially more favourable habitat for this species in southern Korup (Linder 2008).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES and on Class B of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. This widespread species is present in several protected areas, including Korup National Park (Cameroon) - an important stronghold to insure the survival of C. pogonias in the Cameroon-Nigeria border area - Odzala National Park (Congo), Monte Alen National Park (Equatorial Guinea) and Salonga National Park (DR Congo). Further taxonomic work is needed to elucidate the status of the various subspecies, and particularly to ascertain whether some forms merit recognition as distinct species.

Conservation Actions:

This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES and on Class B of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. This widespread species is present in several protected areas, including Korup National Park (Cameroon) - an important stronghold to insure the survival of C. pogonias in the Cameroon-Nigeria border area - Odzala National Park (Congo), Monte Alen National Park (Equatorial Guinea) and Salonga National Park (DR Congo). Further taxonomic work is needed to elucidate the status of the various subspecies, and particularly to ascertain whether some forms merit recognition as distinct species.

Citation:	Oates, J.F., Hart, J., Butynksi, T. & Groves, C.P. 2008. Cercopithecus pogonias. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 December 2008.
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