Cebus xanthosternos

– Critically Endangered

Taxonomy

Kingdom:

ANIMALIA

Phylum:

CHORDATA

Class:

MAMMALIA

Order:

PRIMATES

Family:

CEBIDAE

Scientific Name:

Cebus xanthosternos

Species Authority:

Wied-Neuwied, 1826

Synonym/s:

Cebus apella ssp. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826

Common Name/s:

English

—

YELLOW-BREASTED CAPUCHIN

Taxonomic Notes:

Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym or subsp. under C. apella, but Mittermeier (1988) and other authors say it is a distinct species.

Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria:

CR A2cd; C2a(i) ver 3.1 (2001)

Year Assessed:

2003

Assessor/s:

Rylands, A.B., Bampi, M.I., Chiarello, A.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Mendes, S.L. & Marcelino, M.

Evaluator/s:

Rylands, A.B. & Mittermeier, R.A. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:

Cebus xanthosternos is a very restricted range, habitat is highly fragmented and it is heavily hunted. There are only a few small protected areas, including the Una Biological Reserve and the Condurú State Park in Bahia. An International Committee for the Conservation and Management connected to the Brazilian Institute for the Environment (IBAMA) was set up for this species to promote field studies and organize a captive population from the numerous individuals kept as pets.

History:

1994	-	Endangered as C. apella xanthosternos (Groombridge 1994)
1996	-	Critically Endangered as C. apella xanthosternos (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
2000	-	Critically Endangered (Hilton-Taylor 2000)

Geographic Range

Countries:

Native:

Brazil

Population

Population:	Population estimates are not available but it has become extinct over much of its range.
Population Trend:

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology:

Found in Atlantic Forest.

System:

Terrestrial

List of Habitats:

1.6	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland

Threats

List of Threats:

1	Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) (ongoing)
3.1	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Food (ongoing)
3.5	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities (ongoing)

Conservation Actions

List of Conservation Actions:

4.4	Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas (in place)

Bibliography

Bibliography:

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Coimbra-Filho, A.F., Rocha e Silva, R. and Pissinatti, A. 1991. Acerca da distribuição geográfica original de Cebus apella xanthosternos Wied 1820 (Cebidae, Primates). In: A.B. Rylands and A.T. Bernardes (eds). A Primatologia no Brasil 3, pp. 215-24. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Biodiversitas and Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia.

Coimbra-Filho, A.F., Rylands, A.B., Pissinatti, A., and Santos, I.B. 1991/1992. The distribution and conservation of the buff-headed capuchin monkey, Cebus xanthosternos, in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. Primate Conservation (12-13), 24-30.

Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics. The Central Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Fedigan., L., Visalberghi, E. and Rylands A.B. 2003. Where and what are capuchins, and how did they get there? In: D. Fragaszy, L. Fedigan and E. Visalberghi (eds) The Complete Capuchin. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Groves, C.P. 2001. The Taxonomy of Primates. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Hershkovitz, P. 1949. Mammals of northern Colombia. Preliminary report No. 4: Monkeys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms. Proceedings of the American Natural History Museum 98: 323-427.

Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler). 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.

Kinzey, W.G. 1982. Distribution of primates and forest refuges. In: G.T. Prance (ed.). Biological Diversification in the Tropics. pp.455-482. Columbia University Press, New York.

Oliver, W.L.R. and Santos, I.B. 1991. Threatened endemic mammals of the Atlantic forest region of south-east Brazil. Wildlife Preservation Trust, Special Scientific Report (4), 1-126.

Pinto, L.P. de S., Coimbra-Filho, A.F., and Rylands, A.B. 1998. Cebus apella xanthosternos (Wied, 1820). In: A.B.M. Machado, G.A.B. da Fonseca, R.B. Machado, L.M. de S. Aguiar, and L.V. Lins (eds). Livro Vermelho das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção da Fauna de Minas Gerais. pp. 86-9. Belo Horizonte: Fundação Biodiversitas.

Rylands, A.B., Fonseca, G.A.B. da, Leite, Y.L.R., and Mittermeier, R.A. 1996. Primates of the Atlantic forest: origin, endemism, distributions and communities. In: M.A. Norconk, A.L. Rosenberger, and P.A. Garber (eds). Adaptive Radiations of the Neotropical Primates. pp.21-51. New York: Plenum Press.

Santos, I.B. and Lernould, J.-M. 1993. 1st meeting of the International Committee for Cebus apella xanthosternos and C. apella robustus. Neotropical Primates 1(2), 9-10.

Santos, I.B., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., and Valle, C.M.C. 1987. The distribution and conservation status of primates in southern Bahia, Brazil. Primate Conservation (8), 126-42.

Seuánez, H. N., Armada, J. L., Freitas, L., R. da Rocha e Silva, Pissinatti, A. and Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1986. Intraspecific chromosome variation in Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): the chromosomes of the yellow-breasted capuchin Cebus apella xanthosternos Wied, 1820. American Journal of Primatology. 10:237-247.

Silva Jr., J. de S. 2001. Especiação nos macacos-prego e caiararas, gênero Cebus Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Cebidae). Doctoral thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

Torres de Assumpção, C. 1983. An ecological study of the primates of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of Cebus apella races. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh

Torres, C. 1988. Resultados preliminares de reavaliação das raças do macaco-prego Cebus apella (Primates: Cebidae). Revista Nordestina de Biologia 6, 15-28.

Citation:	Rylands, A.B., Bampi, M.I., Chiarello, A.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Mendes, S.L. & Marcelino, M. 2003. Cebus xanthosternos. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 August 2008.
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