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Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
– Near Threatened
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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CICONIIFORMES
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Family:
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CICONIIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
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Species Authority:
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(Latham, 1790)
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Common Name/s:
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| English | — | BLACK-NECKED STORK |
| French | — | JABIRU D' ASIE |
| Spanish | — | JABIRÚ ASIÁTICO |
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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NT ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2007
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Bird, J. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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This species has undergone dramatic declines across its Asian range and is projected to decline in Australia in the future. At present the severity of these declines remains unquanitified. Although it does not appear to be under threat in Australia, the global population size is fairly small, and therefore the species qualifies as Near Threatened.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/near threatened (BirdLife International 2000) |
| 2004 | - | Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 2006 | - | Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2006) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus occurs in Pakistan (previously frequent in lower Sind, breeding in the Indus delta until 1970s, now a straggler), Nepal (rare resident and winter visitor to the terai), India (a widespread resident, but now generally rare and local, and may now be absent in many areas in the south1), Bhutan (likely as a non-breeder), Bangladesh (former resident, now a vagrant), Sri Lanka (fewer than 50 mature individuals resident, principally in the dry lowlands), Myanmar (formerly a widespread resident, current status unclear but certainly scarce), Thailand (formerly quite widespread, now a rare resident in the peninsula, almost extinct), Laos (previously a widespread non-breeding visitor, probably breeding in the south, but now extremely rare), Cambodia (previously fairly common; regular recent records, with small numbers breeding), Indonesia (apparently once present in the Sundaic region, but now extinct there; population >650 in south Papua, formerly Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea (very local, but occasionally not uncommon) and Australia (relatively large population in north, possibly spreading southward). It inhabits freshwater marshes, lakes, pools in open forest, large rivers, occasionally mangroves and rarely coastal mudflats, up to 1,200 m, tending to prefer areas least visited by humans. The combined populations of South and South-East Asia are thought not to exceed 1000 individuals5, while the former is in steep decline and the latter has dwindled to the brink of extinction. A population of c.25 pairs studied in Uttar Pradesh (India) had high productivity and low mortality and was judged to be stable however2. It is probably stable or even increasing in Irian Jaya and Australia. A recent estimate places the Australian population at up to 20,000 breeding individuals and secure, although it has been contested that this is unduly optimistic and that the figure may not exceed 10,000. An accurate census and long-term monitoring is clearly required. These data have been used to extrapolate a global total of c.31,000 individuals6.
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Countries:
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Native:
Australia; Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Papua New Guinea; Sri Lanka; Thailand
Vagrant:
Bangladesh; Pakistan
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Population
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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Inhabits extensive freshwater wetlands such as swamps, lakes and flooded grassland3. Also man-made features such as sewage ponds and irrigation stores3. Typically occurs singly or in pairs, but very occasionally recorded in flocks4.
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System:
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Terrestrial; Freshwater
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Threats
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Threats:
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It is threatened by a variety of factors across its range, including drainage of wetlands, felling of nest trees, development, encroachment of agriculture or aquaculture, overfishing, overgrazing, hunting and excessive capture for zoos. Consecutive years of drought can cause declines in the population3. Sea level rise is projected to have a negative impact upon coastal habitat used by this species in Australia.
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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Conservation measures underway:
In Australia the species is listed as rare in Queensland and Endangered in New South Wales. It has been proposed for upgrade to Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. It is a conservation priority in Cambodia. It occurs in a number of protected areas including several national parks in Australia and India.
Conservation measures proposed:
Carry out coordinated range-wide surveys to determine the total population size and trends. Control hunting of the species in its range outside Australia. Protect remaining habitat, especially in South and South-East Asia.
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