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Caesalpinia kavaiensis
– Critically Endangered
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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PLANTAE
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Phylum:
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TRACHEOPHYTA
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Class:
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MAGNOLIOPSIDA
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Order:
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FABALES
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Family:
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LEGUMINOSAE
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Scientific Name:
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Caesalpinia kavaiensis
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Species Authority:
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H.Mann
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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CR D ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2003
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Assessor/s:
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Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V.
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Evaluator/s:
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Maunder, M. (Plant Conservation Committee) & Pollock, C.M. (Red List Programme Office)
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Justification:
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Caesalpinia kavaiensis is endemic to the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. Eight subpopulations are known, totaling 60 individuals, however, many of these are senescent and probably are non-reproductive. Threats include pigs, cattle, deer, goats, introduced plants, rats, fire, volcanic eruptions, sheep, black twig borer and collection by humans.
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History:
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| 1997 | - | Endangered (Walter and Gillett 1998) |
| 1998 | - | Critically Endangered (Oldfield et al. 1998) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Restricted to populations found in the Waianae Mts. on Oahu, Hualalai on Hawaii and on Lanai. Subpopulations on Maui and Kauai are now apparently extinct.
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Countries:
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Native:
United States (Hawaiian Is.)
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Population
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Population:
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Currently fewer than 50 reproductive individuals are known.
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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Dry and moist forest.
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System:
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Terrestrial
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List of Habitats:
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| 1.5 | Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry |
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Threats
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Threats:
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Various factors have contributed to the decline, from overexploitation and habitat clearance to damage caused by feral animals and invasive plants.
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List of Threats:
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| 1.1.4 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Livestock (ongoing) |
| 1.5 | Habitat Loss/Degradation - Invasive alien species (ongoing) |
| 2 | Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) (ongoing) |
| 3.5 | Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities (ongoing) |
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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The species is listed by the US Endangered Species Act.
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List of Conservation Actions:
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| 1.2.1.2 | Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - National level (in place) |
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Bibliography
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Bibliography:
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IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003. Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers) 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished. Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918. Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer, S. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.
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