Brachyteles arachnoides

– Endangered

Taxonomy

Kingdom:

ANIMALIA

Phylum:

CHORDATA

Class:

MAMMALIA

Order:

PRIMATES

Family:

ATELIDAE

Scientific Name:

Brachyteles arachnoides

Species Authority:

(É. Geoffroy, 1806)

Common Name/s:

English	—	MURIQUI, SOUTHERN MURIQUI, WOOLLY SPIDER MONKEY
French	—	ATÈLE ARACHNOÏDE, EROÏDE, SINGE-ARAIGNÉE LAINEUX
Spanish	—	MONO CARVOEIRO, MONO GRANDE, MURIKI

Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria:

EN C2a(i) ver 3.1 (2001)

Year Assessed:

2003

Assessor/s:

Rylands, A.B., Bampi, M.I., Chiarello, A.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Mendes, S.L. & Marcelino, M.

Evaluator/s:

Rylands, A.B. & Mittermeier, R.A. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:

Brachyteles arachnoides was previously assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1+2abcde, C2a). With better information about this species, it has now been downlisted to Endangered.

Once widespread through the Atlantic forest of Brazil, B. arachnoides is the southern form, occurring in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, north to the Serra da Mantiqueira. Even though it is always scarce, the species is known to occur in a more protected areas than B. hypoxanthus, many of them reasonably large in the region of the Serra do Mar. Known total population does not exceed 1,000 (Strier and Fonseca 1996/1997).

History:

1982	-	Endangered (Thornback and Jenkins 1982)
1986	-	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)
1988	-	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
1990	-	Endangered (IUCN 1990)
1994	-	Endangered (Groombridge 1994)
1996	-	Endangered (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
2000	-	Critically Endangered (Hilton-Taylor 2000)

Geographic Range

Range Description:	Subpopulations are highly fragmented and generally occur in very low densities, even in large protected areas.
Countries:	Native: Brazil

Population

Population:	Known total population does not exceed 1,000.
Population Trend:

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology:

Occurs in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.

System:

Terrestrial

List of Habitats:

1.6	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland

Threats

Threats:

Threatened by commercial logging companies in privately owned forests and by illegal hunting in the federally or state-owned forests.

List of Threats:

1.3.3	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Wood (ongoing)
3	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) (ongoing)

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions:

Occurs in a number of protected areas.

List of Conservation Actions:

4.4.2

Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Establishment (in place)

Bibliography

Bibliography:

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics. The Central Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Fonseca, G.A. da, Lemos de Sá, R.M., Pope, T.R., Glander, K.E. and Struhsaker, T.T. 1991. A pilot study of genetic and morphological variation in the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) as a contribution to a long-term conservation management plan. Unpublished report to World Wildlife Fund - U. S., Washington, D. C.

Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Groves, C.P. 2001. The Taxonomy of Primates. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler). 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1988. 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.

Lemos de Sá, R.M. and Glander, K.E. 1993. Capture techniques and morphometrics for the woolly spider monkey, or muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides, E.Geoffroy 1806). American Journal of Primatology 29: 145-153.

Lemos de Sá, R.M., Pope, T.R., Glander, K.E., Struhsaker, T.T. and Fonseca, G.A.B. da 1990. A pilot study of genetic and morphological variation in the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides). Primate Conservation (11): 26-30.

Lemos de Sá, R.M., Pope, T.R., Struhsaker, T.T. and Glander, K.E. 1993. Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806). International Journal of Primatology 14(5): 755-763.

Rylands, A.B., Strier, K.B., Mittermeier, R.A., Borovansky, J. and Seal, U.S. (eds) 1998. Conserving Brazil's Muriqui: Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) for Brachyteles arachnoides. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Apple Valley, MN.

Strier, K.B. and Fonseca, G.A.B. da. 1996/1997. The endangered muriquis in Brazil's Atlantic forests. Primate Conservation 17: 131-137.

Thornback, J. and Jenkins, M. 1982. The IUCN Mammal Red Data Book. Part 1: Threatened mammalian taxa of the Americas and the Australasian zoogeographic region (excluding Cetacea). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Citation:	Rylands, A.B., Bampi, M.I., Chiarello, A.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Mendes, S.L. & Marcelino, M. 2003. Brachyteles arachnoides. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 August 2008.
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