The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Ursus maritimus

 – Vulnerable

Classifications

List of Habitats:
3.1Shrubland - Subarctic
9.1Marine Neritic - Pelagic
9.10Marine Neritic - Estuaries
10.1Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
12.1Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
12.3Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches
List of Threats:
1.3.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Mining (ongoing)
1.4.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Industry (ongoing)
1.4.5Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Transport (water) (ongoing)
1.4.6Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Dams (ongoing)
3.1.1Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Food - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.4.1Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.4.2Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.4.3Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
3.5.2Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
4.1.2.2Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Shooting (ongoing)
6.1.1Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Atmospheric pollution - Global warming/oceanic warming (ongoing)
6.3.3Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Commercial/Industrial (ongoing)
6.3.6Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Oil slicks (ongoing)
9.2Intrinsic factors - Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration (ongoing)
9.3Intrinsic factors - High juvenile mortality (ongoing)
9.5Intrinsic factors - Low densities (ongoing)
9.7Intrinsic factors - Slow growth rates (ongoing)
10.1Human disturbance - Recreation/tourism (ongoing)
10.6Human disturbance - Other (ongoing)
List of Conservation Actions:
1.2.1.1Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - International level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.2Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.3Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.1Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - International level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.2Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.3Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
1.3.1Policy-based actions - Community management - Governance (in place, needed)
3.2Research actions - Population numbers and range (in place, needed)
3.3Research actions - Biology and Ecology (in place, needed)
3.4Research actions - Habitat status (in place, needed)
3.5Research actions - Threats (in place, needed)
3.6Research actions - Uses and harvest levels (in place, needed)
3.7Research actions - Cultural relevance (in place, needed)
3.8Research actions - Conservation measures (in place, needed)
3.9Research actions - Trends/Monitoring (in place, needed)
4.4.1Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Identification of new protected areas (in place, needed)
4.4.2Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Establishment (in place, needed)
4.4.3Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Management (in place, needed)
4.4.4Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Expansion (in place, needed)

Citation: Schliebe, S. Wiig, Ø., Derocher, A. & Lunn, N. 2006. Ursus maritimus. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 13 May 2008.
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