Tinamus solitarius

– Near Threatened

Taxonomy

Kingdom:

ANIMALIA

Phylum:

CHORDATA

Class:

AVES

Order:

TINAMIFORMES

Family:

TINAMIDAE

Scientific Name:

Tinamus solitarius

Species Authority:

(Vieillot, 1819)

Common Name/s:

English	—	SOLITARY TINAMOU
French	—	TINAMOU SOLITAIRE
Spanish	—	MACUCO, TINAMU GRANDE, TINAMU MACUCO

Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria:

NT ver 3.1 (2001)

Year Assessed:

2004

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Evaluator/s:

Stattersfield, A., Benstead, P. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)

Justification:

Nearly qualifies for listing as threatened under criteria A2c+3c.

History:

1988	-	Threatened (Collar and Andrew 1988)
1994	-	Lower Risk/near threatened (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994)
2000	-	Lower Risk/near threatened (BirdLife International 2000)

Geographic Range

Range Description:

Tinamus solitarius occurs in the Atlantic forest of east Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul and inland to south Mato Grosso), south-east Paraguay and extreme north-east Argentina (Misiones)^1,6. It is mostly found in lowland humid forest up to 1,200 m, preferring intact closed-canopy forest with little undergrowth^1,5. There are two subspecies, with the north-east Brazil race pernambucensis having suffered a marked range contraction: not more than 100 individuals were estimated in 1971¹, and there is little more recent information. The nominate race is rare throughout its range owing to hunting pressure and habitat loss, although it is still relatively common in several protected areas^1,5. Current key threats are urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural expansion, colonisation and associated road-building³. It is supposedly susceptible to forest fragmentation (each bird apparently requiring c.30 ha of primary forest), but there is a notable Paraguayan population in a small area of degraded forest, and it is seen regularly in secondary forest at one site in Argentina^1,2,4. CITES Appendix I.

Countries:

Native:

Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay

Habitat and Ecology

System:

Terrestrial

List of Habitats:

1.6	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland

Threats

List of Threats:

1.1.9	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Unknown (ongoing)
1.4.1	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Industry (ongoing)
1.4.2	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Human settlement (ongoing)
1.4.4	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development Transport (land/air) (ongoing)
3.7	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Unknown (ongoing)

Bibliography

Bibliography:

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places: For References from A–L. For References from M–Z.

BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.

BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Collar, N.J. and Andrew, P. 1988. Birds to Watch. The ICBP World Checklist of Threatened Birds. ICBP Technical Publication No. 8. Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd, Norfolk, England.

Collar, N.J., Crosby, M.J. and Stattersfield, A.J. 1994. Birds to Watch 2. The World List of Threatened Birds BirdLife International. Page Bros (Norwich) Ltd, U.K.

IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2004. Tinamus solitarius. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 28 August 2008.
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