Somatochlora hineana

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	ARTHROPODA	INSECTA	ODONATA	CORDULIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Somatochlora hineana

Species Authority:

Williamson, 1931

Common Name/s:

English

–

Hine's Emerald

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Near Threatened ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2007

Assessor/s

Abbott, J.C. & Cashatt, E.

Evaluator/s:

Donnelly, N., Suhling, F. & Clausnitzer, V. (Odontata Red List Authority)

Justification:
This species has restrictive habitat requirements and is listed as Endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional populations are being discovered each year and as our knowledge of its requirements increases, this species listing may need to be downgraded. There are less than 50 estimated occurrences; extirpated in Ohio, Alabama and Indiana; other extant occurrences are threatened with habitat destruction or degradation. Based on mark recapture work in Illinois and Wisconsin, there probably are >30,000 individuals globally; 20,000 of these may occur in Door County, Wisconsin (Vogt, pers. comm. 1998). There probably are >50 occurrences globally (Vogt, pers. comm. 1998). Currently it is known from 42 locations: nine in Illinois, 20 in Wisconsin, 10 in Michigan, and at least three sites in Missouri (Argia 1999; Zercher 2001). It has been searched for intensively in Illinios and Wisconsin. In addition, there are four historic occurrences in Ohio, one in Indiana, and one in Alabama (Zercher 2001). Apparently extirpated from Ohio, Indiana, and Alabama; all five Illinois occurrences are critically imperiled; one of the five Wisconsin occurrences is threatened; but has turned up in several new locations - never in great abundance (Zercher 2001). The fen-like communities are somewhat fragile. Extent of occupancy less than 5,000 km² and area of occupancy less than 500 km².

History:

1996	–	Endangered (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
1994	–	Endangered (Groombridge 1994)
1990	–	Endangered (IUCN 1990)
1988	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
1986	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)
1983	–	Endangered (Wells et al. 1983)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Endemic to the United States. Currently known from 42 locations: 9 in Illinois, 20 in Wisconsin, 10 in Michigan, and at least 3 sites in Missouri. Extirpated in Ohio, Alabama and Indiana.
Countries:	Native: United States (Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Wisconsin)

Population [top]

Population:	Based on mark recapture work in Illinois and Wisconsin, probably >30,000 individuals globally; 20,000 of these may occur in Door County, Wisconsin.
Population Trend:	Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Shallow wetlands overlying dolomitic limestone bedrock; calcareous water from intermittent seeps, shallow small channels and/or sheetflow (Bick 2003). The odd specialization of this species is its apparent requirement of burrows of a certain geometry in fens that essentially dry out in the late summer. Its burrows of choice so far have been those of a large crayfish, Cambarus diogenes, which for some reason does not consume them.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Habitat and Ecology:

Shallow wetlands overlying dolomitic limestone bedrock; calcareous water from intermittent seeps, shallow small channels and/or sheetflow (Bick 2003). The odd specialization of this species is its apparent requirement of burrows of a certain geometry in fens that essentially dry out in the late summer. Its burrows of choice so far have been those of a large crayfish, Cambarus diogenes, which for some reason does not consume them.

Systems:

Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Narrow ecological requirements and vulnerability to habitat degradation and destruction (Cashatt and Vogt 2001). Extant occurrences are threatened by the following activities: petroleum refineries and other heavy industry, a proposed highway project, quarrying, urban non-point water pollution, and ATV use in Illinois; agricultural non-point water pollution (surface and groundwater) and recreational development in Wisconsin. Most significant threats are habitat/alteration/destruction from development of commercial and residential areas, quarrying, creating landfills, constructing pipelines, and filling of wetlands (Zercher 2001).

Major Threat(s):

Narrow ecological requirements and vulnerability to habitat degradation and destruction (Cashatt and Vogt 2001). Extant occurrences are threatened by the following activities: petroleum refineries and other heavy industry, a proposed highway project, quarrying, urban non-point water pollution, and ATV use in Illinois; agricultural non-point water pollution (surface and groundwater) and recreational development in Wisconsin. Most significant threats are habitat/alteration/destruction from development of commercial and residential areas, quarrying, creating landfills, constructing pipelines, and filling of wetlands (Zercher 2001).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Has been listed as Endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, despite the ongoing surveys have revealed its presence in more localities than many other non-listed North American species. Eight known extant sites are designated as nature preserves (public or private). Purchase unprotected tracts in Wisconsin. Recovery plan has been drafted (Zercher 2001). Manage habitat in Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Missouri. Develop an educational program.

Conservation Actions:

Has been listed as Endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, despite the ongoing surveys have revealed its presence in more localities than many other non-listed North American species. Eight known extant sites are designated as nature preserves (public or private). Purchase unprotected tracts in Wisconsin. Recovery plan has been drafted (Zercher 2001). Manage habitat in Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Missouri. Develop an educational program.

Citation:	Abbott, J.C. & Cashatt, E. 2007. Somatochlora hineana. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 09 January 2009.
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