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Penelopides panini
– Endangered
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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CORACIIFORMES
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Family:
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BUCEROTIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Penelopides panini
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Species Authority:
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(Boddaert, 1783)
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Common Name/s:
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| English | — | VISAYAN TARICTIC |
| French | — | CALAO TARICTIC |
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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EN A2cd+3cd; C2a(i) ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2006
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Butchart, S. & Pilgrim, J. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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This species has a very small, severely fragmented population that is undergoing a very rapid continuing decline as a result of lowland deforestation and hunting. For these reasons it is listed as Endangered.
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History:
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| 1994 | - | Critically Endangered (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994) |
| 2000 | - | Endangered (BirdLife International 2000) |
| 2004 | - | Endangered (BirdLife International 2004) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Penelopides panini is endemic to the Philippines, where it is known from Panay, including the offshore islands of Sicogon and Pan de Azucar, Guimaras, Negros, Masbate and Ticao. In the 19th century, it was widespread and common on Panay, Guimaras, Negros and Masbate. However, based on abundance comparisons with A. waldeni, fewer than 900 pairs may remain. On Panay, it is still fairly common within the proposed Central Panay Mountains National Park but rare elsewhere. On Negros, it has become increasingly rare. Single records since 1990 from Masbate and Pan de Azucar indicate that tiny populations may remain on these islands. It is thought extinct on Ticao, Guimaras and Sicogon.
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Countries:
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Native:
Philippines
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Population
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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It inhabits primary, evergreen, dipterocarp forest up to 1,100 m, perhaps pushed upslope by deforestation to 1,500 m, sometimes wandering to secondary forest or isolated fruiting trees. It nests in tall trees, frequently in fragments of just a few hectares. Fruit makes up the bulk of the diet but 14% of the prey items brought to observed nests comprises of animal matter2.
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System:
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Terrestrial
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Threats
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Threats:
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Deforestation and hunting are the major threats. Tiny fragments of forest remain on Masbate, Guimaras, Ticao, Pan de Azucar and Sicogon. In 1988, it was estimated that just 4% forest cover remained on Negros and 8% on Panay. Hunting and trapping of adults and young is widespread and can account for 3-6 birds in a trip of 2-5 days on Negros. Individual birds may be sold for as little as US$1.
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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Conservation measures underway:
CITES Appendix II. It has been recently recorded in Mt Canlaon Natural Park (Negros) and the North Negros Forest Reserve, although the latter receives only nominal protection. On Panay, the population is concentrated in the proposed Central Panay Mountains National Park. This site and Mt Talinis (Negros) have been proposed for conservation funding. Conservation and socio-economic programmes at Mts Talinis and Canlaon have reduced local hunting pressure. Captive stock on Negros is breeding successfully1.
Conservation measures proposed:
Survey remaining lowland forest tracts on Negros and Panay to identify further key sites with a view to establishing further protected areas. Gazette the proposed Central Panay Mountains National Park. Promote the effective protection of the North Negros Forest Reserve.
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