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Pelecanus crispus
– Vulnerable
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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PELECANIFORMES
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Family:
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PELECANIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Pelecanus crispus
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Species Authority:
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Bruch, 1832
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Common Name/s:
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| English | — | DALMATIAN PELICAN |
| French | — | PÉLICAN DALMATE, PÉLICAN FRISÉ |
| Spanish | — | PELÍCANO CEÑUDO, PELÍCANO RIZADO |
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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VU A2ce+3ce ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2006
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Butchart, S. & Pilgrim, J. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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Conservation measures have resulted in a population increase in Europe, particularly at the species's largest colony, at Lake Mikri Prespa in Greece. However, rapid population declines in the remainder of its range are inferred to be continuing and therefore the species is listed as Vulnerable.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Threatened (Collar and Andrew 1988) |
| 1994 | - | Vulnerable (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994) |
| 2000 | - | Lower Risk/conservation dependent (BirdLife International 2000) |
| 2004 | - | Vulnerable (BirdLife International 2004) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Pelecanus crispus breeds in eastern Europe and east-central Asia, in Georgia, F.Y.R. Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. European breeders winter in the eastern Mediterranean countries, Russian and central Asian breeders in Iran, Iraq and the Indian subcontinent, and Mongolian birds along the east coast of China7, including Hong Kong. Following massive declines during the 19th and 20th centuries, numbers have stabilised between 10,000-20,000 individuals (including c.4,000-5,000 breeding pairs5) and several colonies are increasing2,4. The majority of birds breed in the countries of the former Soviet Union (2,700-3,500 pairs)8, although the largest colony is at Lake Mikri Prespa, Greece, with nearly 1,000 breeding pairs4. The Mongolian population continues to decline and is "almost extinct"10.
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Range Map:
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 (click for detailed map)
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Countries:
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Native:
Afghanistan; Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; China; Croatia; Egypt; Georgia; Greece; Hong Kong; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Kazakhstan; Lebanon; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Moldova, Republic of; Mongolia; Montenegro; Pakistan; Romania; Russian Federation; Spain; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan
Vagrant:
Algeria; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Israel; Italy; Japan; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Latvia; Norway; Poland; Slovakia; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; United Arab Emirates; Western Sahara
Regionally extinct vagrant:
Hungary
Regionally extinct:
Austria; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Germany
Possibly extinct regionally:
Bangladesh
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Population
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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It occurs mainly at inland, freshwater wetlands but also at coastal lagoons and river deltas2,7, where it breeds in colonies on islands in large reedbeds1,8,9 or in the open5,6.
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System:
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Terrestrial; Freshwater
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Threats
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Threats:
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Former declines were primarily caused by wetland drainage, shooting and persecution by fishers1,2,7. Continuing threats include disturbance from tourists and fishers, wetland alteration and destruction, water pollution, collision with overhead power-lines and over-exploitation of fish stocks3,5,7. Hunting by herders (for traditional use of bill) continues to threaten the Mongolian population7.
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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Conservation measures underway:
CITES Appendix I. CMS Appendix I and II. Conservation efforts have reduced the impact of the major threats in Europe2. Marking and dismantling of power-lines2, the provision of breeding platforms in Turkey and Bulgaria and rafts in Greece, together with wardening6 and education programmes at key sites, have reduced mortality and increased breeding success. A European action plan was published in 1996.
Conservation measures proposed:
Monitor breeding, wintering numbers and ecological changes at key sites. Survey potential wintering grounds in central and east Asia. Sustainably manage wetlands. Establish wardened non-intrusion zones around breeding colonies. Bury power-lines or replace with more visible cable. Seek alternatives to traditional use of pelican bills in Mongolia6. Legally protect the species and its habitat in range states. Conduct public awareness campaigns.
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