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Padda oryzivora
– Vulnerable
Taxonomy
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Kingdom:
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ANIMALIA
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Phylum:
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CHORDATA
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Class:
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AVES
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Order:
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PASSERIFORMES
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Family:
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ESTRILDIDAE
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Scientific Name:
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Padda oryzivora
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Species Authority:
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(Linneaus, 1758)
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Common Name/s:
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JAVA SPARROW (Eng)
PADDA DE JAVA (Fre)
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Assessment Information
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Red List Category & Criteria:
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VU A2bd+3bd; C1 ver 3.1 (2001)
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Year Assessed:
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2004
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Assessor/s:
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BirdLife International
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Evaluator/s:
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Tobias, J., Crosby, M., Collar, N. & Benstead, P. (BirdLife International Red List Authority)
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Justification:
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The popularity of this finch as a cage-bird has resulted (and unless stringent action is taken, will continue to result) in a rapid decline in its population and range as a consequence of intense trapping activity, such that it qualifies as Vulnerable.
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History:
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| 1988 | - | Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004) |
| 1994 | - | Vulnerable (Collar, Crosby and Stattersfield 1994) |
| 2000 | - | Vulnerable (BirdLife International 2000) |
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Geographic Range
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Range Description:
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Padda oryzivora is a native endemic of the islands of Java, Bali, and probably Madura, Indonesia, although it has been widely introduced, with feral populations now established in many parts of the world. It was formerly widespread and abundant, but its numbers have crashed disastrously. It is now very difficult to find: a recent survey looked at 64 former locations and only located 109 individuals at 17 sites1. The majority of documented recent records derive from east Java and Bali. Feral populations (in Indonesia at least) have also apparently declined precipitously. Information from elsewhere is insufficient to estimate its status as a feral species, and all conservation efforts should focus on its original native range.
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Countries:
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Native:
Indonesia; Mexico
Introduced:
Brunei Darussalam; Fiji; Malaysia; United States
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Population
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Population Trend:
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Habitat and Ecology
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Habitat and Ecology:
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It is usually a lowland species, chiefly found below 500 m but occurring locally up to 1,500 m. It has been recorded in many habitats, including towns and villages (where it was formerly one of the most common species), cultivated land (particularly rice-growing areas), grassland, open woodland, tree savanna, beach forest and even mangroves. It is gregarious, especially outside the breeding season. Post-breeding flocks appear to make substantial short-distance movements in response to local food supplies.
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System:
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Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine
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Threats
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Threats:
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Trapping for the domestic and international cage-bird trade has probably been extensive for centuries, peaking in the 1960s and 1970s, and is the main cause of the decline. Its flocking tendency, particularly at roost sites, renders it especially susceptible to mass trapping. Ironically, even feral populations, originally introduced through trade, have subsequently been decimated for the same reason. Historically, it was regarded as a rice crop-pest, and consequently persecuted. Hunting for local consumption, and possibly increased use of pesticides and competition with the ecologically similar Tree Sparrow Passer montanus, are additional threats.
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Conservation Actions
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Conservation Actions:
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Conservation measures underway:
CITES Appendix II. An embargo was placed on the capture quota for Java and Bali in 1995. The species occurs in only very few protected areas, with recent records from only four, Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, Baluran and Meru Betiri National Parks on Java and Bali Barat National Park on Bali.
Conservation measures proposed:
Investigate the relative importance of current threats (excessive trade, persecution, pesticides, competition). Promote strict enforcement of trade restrictions in wild birds, and devise means of meeting market demands from captive breeding. Develop and initiate programmes to protect remaining populations.
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