Lutra lutra

– Near Threatened

Classifications

List of Habitats:

1.5	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
1.6	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
1.7	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level
1.8	Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp
3.6	Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
4.6	Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded
5.1	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)
5.2	Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks
5.3	Wetlands (inland) - Shrub Dominated Wetlands
5.4	Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands
5.5	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
5.6	Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
5.7	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
5.8	Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
5.9	Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases
5.10	Wetlands (inland) - Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt)
5.11	Wetlands (inland) - Alpine Wetlands (includes temporary waters from snowmelt)
5.13	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Inland Deltas
5.14	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes
5.15	Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats
5.16	Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
5.17	Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools
9.7	Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp
9.10	Marine Neritic - Estuaries
12.1	Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
12.2	Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc
12.4	Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats
12.5	Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)
13.4	Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
13.5	Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Freshwater Lakes
15.1	Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha)
15.2	Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)
15.3	Artificial/Aquatic - Aquaculture Ponds
15.7	Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels)
15.8	Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land
15.9	Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches

List of Threats:

1.1.7	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Freshwater aquaculture (ongoing)
1.3.2.1	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Fisheries - Subsistence (ongoing)
1.3.2.2	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Fisheries - Artisinal/small-scale (ongoing)
1.3.2.3	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Fisheries - Large-scale/industrial (ongoing)
1.4.1	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Industry (ongoing)
1.4.2	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Human settlement (ongoing)
1.4.3	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Tourism/recreation (ongoing)
1.4.6	Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Dams (ongoing)
3.2.1	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Medicine - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.2.2	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Medicine - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.2.3	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Medicine - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
3.4.1	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.4.2	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.4.3	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
3.5.1	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.5.2	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.5.3	Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Cultural/scientific/leisure activities - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
4.1.1.2	Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Fisheries-related - Netting (ongoing)
4.1.1.3	Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Fisheries-related - Entanglement (ongoing)
4.1.2.1	Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Trapping/snaring/netting (ongoing)
4.1.2.2	Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Shooting (ongoing)
5.1	Persecution - Pest control (ongoing)
6.1.2	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Atmospheric pollution - Acid precipitation (ongoing)
6.3.1	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Agriculture (ongoing)
6.3.2	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Domestic (ongoing)
6.3.3	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Commercial/Industrial (ongoing)
6.3.4	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Other non-agricultural (ongoing)
6.3.6	Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Oil slicks (ongoing)
8.3	Changes in native species dynamics - Prey/food base (ongoing)
10.1	Human disturbance - Recreation/tourism (ongoing)

List of Conservation Actions:

1.1.1	Policy-based actions - Management plans - Development (in place, needed)
1.1.2	Policy-based actions - Management plans - Implementation (in place, needed)
1.2.1.1	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - International level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.2	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.3	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.1	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - International level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.2	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.3	Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
2.1	Communication and Education - Formal education (in place, needed)
2.2	Communication and Education - Awareness (in place, needed)
2.3	Communication and Education - Capacity-building/Training (in place, needed)
3.1	Research actions - Taxonomy (in place, needed)
3.2	Research actions - Population numbers and range (in place, needed)
3.3	Research actions - Biology and Ecology (in place, needed)
3.4	Research actions - Habitat status (in place, needed)
3.5	Research actions - Threats (in place, needed)
3.6	Research actions - Uses and harvest levels (in place, needed)
3.8	Research actions - Conservation measures (in place, needed)
3.9	Research actions - Trends/Monitoring (in place, needed)
4.1	Habitat and site-based actions - Maintenance/Conservation (in place, needed)
4.2	Habitat and site-based actions - Restoration (in place, needed)
4.3	Habitat and site-based actions - Corridors (in place, needed)
5.1	Species-based actions - Re-introductions (in place, needed)
5.2	Species-based actions - Benign introductions (in place, needed)
5.4	Species-based actions - Recovery management (in place, needed)
5.7.1	Species-based actions - Ex situ conservation actions - Captive breeding/Artificial propagation (in place, needed)

Citation:	Reuther, C. & Hilton-Taylor, C. 2004. Lutra lutra. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 17 May 2008.
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