The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Loxodonta africana

 – Vulnerable

Classifications

List of Habitats:
1.4Forest - Temperate
1.5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
1.6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
1.7Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level
1.8Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp
1.9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
2.1Savanna - Dry
2.2Savanna - Moist
3.4Shrubland - Temperate
3.5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
3.6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
3.7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
3.8Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation
4.4Grassland - Temperate
4.5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
4.6Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded
4.7Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
5.2Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks
5.3Wetlands (inland) - Shrub Dominated Wetlands
5.4Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands
5.8Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
5.9Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases
5.13Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Inland Deltas
8.1Desert - Hot
8.2Desert - Temperate
14.1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
14.2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
14.3Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations
14.4Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
14.6Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
15.8Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land
List of Threats:
1.1.1.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Crops - Shifting Agriculture (ongoing)
1.1.1.2Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Crops - Small-holder farming (ongoing)
1.1.1.3Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Crops - Agro-industry farming (ongoing)
1.1.2.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Wood plantations - Small-scale (ongoing)
1.1.2.2Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Wood plantations - Large-scale (ongoing)
1.1.3.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Non-timber plantations - Small-scale (ongoing)
1.1.3.2Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Non-timber plantations - Large-scale (ongoing)
1.1.4.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Livestock - Nomadic (ongoing)
1.1.4.2Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Livestock - Small-holder (ongoing)
1.1.4.3Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture - Livestock - Agro-industry (ongoing)
1.3.3.3Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Wood - Clear-cutting (ongoing)
1.4.1Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Industry (ongoing)
1.4.2Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Human settlement (ongoing)
1.4.4Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development Transport (land/air) (ongoing)
1.4.6Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Dams (ongoing)
1.5Habitat Loss/Degradation - Invasive alien species (ongoing)
1.7Habitat Loss/Degradation - Fires (ongoing)
3.1.1Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Food - Subsistence use/local trade (ongoing)
3.1.2Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Food - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.1.3Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Food - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
3.4.2Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Sub-national/national trade (ongoing)
3.4.3Harvesting (hunting/gathering) - Materials - Regional/international trade (ongoing)
4.1.2.1Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Trapping/snaring/netting (present, future)
4.1.2.2Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Shooting (present, future)
4.1.2.3Accidental mortality - Bycatch - Terrestrial - Poisoning (present, future)
5.1Persecution - Pest control (present, future)
5.2Persecution - Other (present, future)
7.1Natural disasters - Drought (ongoing)
7.4Natural disasters - Wildfire (ongoing)
9.1Intrinsic factors - Limited dispersal (ongoing)
9.4Intrinsic factors - Inbreeding (present, future)
9.5Intrinsic factors - Low densities (present, future)
9.6Intrinsic factors - Skewed sex ratios (present, future)
9.9Intrinsic factors - Restricted range (present, future)
10.1Human disturbance - Recreation/tourism (ongoing)
10.3Human disturbance - War/civil unrest (ongoing)
10.4Human disturbance - Transport (present, future)
List of Conservation Actions:
1.1.1Policy-based actions - Management plans - Development (needed)
1.1.2Policy-based actions - Management plans - Implementation (needed)
1.2.1.1Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - International level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.2Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.1.3Policy-based actions - Legislation - Development - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.1Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - International level (needed)
1.2.2.2Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - National level (in place, needed)
1.2.2.3Policy-based actions - Legislation - Implementation - Sub-national level (in place, needed)
1.3.1Policy-based actions - Community management - Governance (in place, needed)
1.3.2Policy-based actions - Community management - Resource stewardship (in place, needed)
1.3.3Policy-based actions - Community management - Livelihood alternatives (in place, needed)
2.1Communication and Education - Formal education (in place, needed)
2.2Communication and Education - Awareness (in place, needed)
2.3Communication and Education - Capacity-building/Training (in place, needed)
3.1Research actions - Taxonomy (in place, needed)
3.2Research actions - Population numbers and range (in place, needed)
3.3Research actions - Biology and Ecology (in place, needed)
3.4Research actions - Habitat status (in place, needed)
3.5Research actions - Threats (in place, needed)
3.6Research actions - Uses and harvest levels (in place, needed)
3.7Research actions - Cultural relevance (in place, needed)
3.8Research actions - Conservation measures (in place, needed)
3.9Research actions - Trends/Monitoring (in place, needed)
4.1Habitat and site-based actions - Maintenance/Conservation (in place, needed)
4.3Habitat and site-based actions - Corridors (in place, needed)
4.4.1Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Identification of new protected areas (in place, needed)
4.4.2Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Establishment (in place, needed)
4.4.3Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Management (in place, needed)
4.4.4Habitat and site-based actions - Protected areas - Expansion (in place, needed)
4.5Habitat and site-based actions - Community-based initiatives (in place, needed)
5.1Species-based actions - Re-introductions (in place)
5.3.1Species-based actions - Sustainable use - Harvest management (in place, needed)
5.3.2Species-based actions - Sustainable use - Trade management (in place, needed)
5.4Species-based actions - Recovery management (in place, needed)
5.6Species-based actions - Limiting population growth (in place, needed)

Citation: African Elephant Specialist Group 2004. Loxodonta africana. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 August 2008.
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