Arenaria bolosii

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
PLANTAE	TRACHEOPHYTA	MAGNOLIOPSIDA	CARYOPHYLLALES	CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Scientific Name:	Arenaria bolosii
Species Authority:	(Cañig.) L.Sáez & Rosselló
Synonym/s:	Arenaria grandiflora L. subspecies bolosii (Cañig.) Küpfer

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) ver 3.1

Year Published:

2006

Assessor/s:

Bibiloni, G. & Mus, M.

Reviewer/s:

Strahm, W. & de Montmollin, B. (Mediterranean Island Plants Red List Authority)

Contributor/s:

Justification:
The area where it is found and the number of individuals are very small, it is known from a single site, and the habitat where it grows as well as the number of mature individuals continues to decline.

History:

1997

–

Endangered (Walter and Gillett 1998)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is only known from a single site on the island of Majorca in the central part of the Tramuntana mountain range.
Countries:	Native: Spain (Baleares)
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Less than 200 individuals grow in one single site covering approximately one hectare.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This herbaceous perennial is very sensitive to competition from other species and therefore grows in open areas with little soil cover. It is found above an altitude of 900 m on north-facing slopes.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Plant collectors seeking botanical rarities directly threaten this species. In addition, it seems to hybridize with a closely related species, Arenaria grandiflora subsp. glabrescens. Other threats include hikers who trampling the plant, fires, and habitat modification as more people use the area for hiking and camping.

Major Threat(s):

Plant collectors seeking botanical rarities directly threaten this species. In addition, it seems to hybridize with a closely related species, Arenaria grandiflora subsp. glabrescens. Other threats include hikers who trampling the plant, fires, and habitat modification as more people use the area for hiking and camping.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Actions in Place Legally: This plant’s habitat is protected by Law 1/1991 of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands as a Natural Site of Special Interest. It is listed as Critically Endangered in the "Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular Española" (Red List of the Spanish Vascular Flora), although this does not confer any specific legal protection. In situ: No particular measures have been taken. Ex situ: Seeds of this plant are stored in the seed bank of the Botanic Garden of Sóller, but it is possible that these are hybrids with Arenaria grandiflora subsp. glabrescens. Actions Needed This species merits increased legal protection, such as inclusion in the Annexes of the Bern Convention and the EC Habitats Directive. Public access to the site must be controlled. Urgent conservation measures must be taken which include reinforcing the number of plants that remain at this last site and reintroducing the species into other areas where it was previously known. If the seeds stored in seedbanks are found to be hybrids, any re-introduction campaign using this material will be detrimental to conservation. Genetic studies are therefore needed, and seeds should be collected only when it has been established that they belong to this species.

Conservation Actions:

Actions in Place
Legally: This plant’s habitat is protected by Law 1/1991 of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands as a Natural Site of Special Interest. It is listed as Critically Endangered in the "Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular Española" (Red List of the Spanish Vascular Flora), although this does not confer any specific legal protection.

In situ: No particular measures have been taken.

Ex situ: Seeds of this plant are stored in the seed bank of the Botanic Garden of Sóller, but it is possible that these are hybrids with Arenaria grandiflora subsp. glabrescens.

Actions Needed
This species merits increased legal protection, such as inclusion in the Annexes of the Bern Convention and the EC Habitats Directive. Public access to the site must be controlled. Urgent conservation measures must be taken which include reinforcing the number of plants that remain at this last site and reintroducing the species into other areas where it was previously known.

If the seeds stored in seedbanks are found to be hybrids, any re-introduction campaign using this material will be detrimental to conservation. Genetic studies are therefore needed, and seeds should be collected only when it has been established that they belong to this species.

Bibliography [top]

	Alomar, G., Mus, M. and Rosselló, J.A. 1997. Flora endèmica de les Balears. Consell Insular de Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.. Amengual, J. 1992. Les espècies protegides. Govern Balear, Conselleria d'agricultura I Pesca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Anonymous. 1993. Plans de Conservació dels Vegetals Amenaçats de Balears. I. Mallorca. Govern Balear, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Unpublished. Bolòs, O. and Molinier, R. 1958. Recherches phytosociologiques dans l'île de Majorque. Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 5: 699-863. Brullo, S. and Signorello, P. 1984. Silene hicesiae, a new species from Aeolian islands. Willdenowia 14: 141-144. Cañigueral, J. 1953. Algunos datos sobre la flora de Mallorca. Collect. Bot. Barcelona, Spain. Contandriopoulos, J. and Cardona, M.A. 1984. Caractère original de la flore endémique des Baléares. Bot. Helvetica 94(1): 101-131. Gómez-Campo, C. (coord.) 1987. Libro Rojo de especies vegetales amenazadas de España peninsular e Islas Baleares. ICONA, Madrid, Spain. IUCN. 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 04 May 2006. Kuhbier, H. 1978. Euphorbia margalidiana - eine neue Wolfsmilch-Art von den Pityusen (Balearen/Spanien). Naturwiss 5: 25-37. López, G. and Nieto-Feliner, G. 1986. Apuntes para un tratamiento taxonómico del género Arenaria L. en la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Anales Jard. Bot. 42: 343-361. Montmollin, B. de and Strahm, W. (eds). 2005. The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants: Wild plants at the brink of extinction, and what is needed to save them. IUCN SSC Mediterranean Islands Plant Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Mus, M. 1992. Estudio de la diversificación de la flora endémica de Baleares. Aspectos taxonómicos y evolutivos. Tesis Doctoral. Universitat Illes Balears. Mus, M. 1995. Conservation of flora in the Balearics Islands. Ecologia Mediterranea 21(1/2): 185-194. Romo, A.M. 1990. Observacions fitosociològiques a l'illa de Mallorca. Collect. Bot. 18: 162-165. Sáez, L. and J.A. Rosselló 2001. Libre vermell de la flora vascular de les Illes Balears. Documents Tècnics de Conservació n#9. Govern de les Illes Balears. Susanna, A. 1988. Femeniasia, novus genus carduearum. Collect. Bot. 17: 83-88. Vicens, J., Molero, J., Blanche, C. 1996. Sintesis taxonómica del complejo de Euphorbia squarnigera y especies afines (Sect. Helioscopia Dumort.) en el Mediterráneo Occidental. Candollea 51: 59-93. Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Alomar, G., Mus, M. and Rosselló, J.A. 1997. Flora endèmica de les Balears. Consell Insular de Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain..

Amengual, J. 1992. Les espècies protegides. Govern Balear, Conselleria d'agricultura I Pesca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Anonymous. 1993. Plans de Conservació dels Vegetals Amenaçats de Balears. I. Mallorca. Govern Balear, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Unpublished.

Bolòs, O. and Molinier, R. 1958. Recherches phytosociologiques dans l'île de Majorque. Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 5: 699-863.

Brullo, S. and Signorello, P. 1984. Silene hicesiae, a new species from Aeolian islands. Willdenowia 14: 141-144.

Cañigueral, J. 1953. Algunos datos sobre la flora de Mallorca. Collect. Bot. Barcelona, Spain.

Contandriopoulos, J. and Cardona, M.A. 1984. Caractère original de la flore endémique des Baléares. Bot. Helvetica 94(1): 101-131.

Gómez-Campo, C. (coord.) 1987. Libro Rojo de especies vegetales amenazadas de España peninsular e Islas Baleares. ICONA, Madrid, Spain.

IUCN. 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 04 May 2006.

Kuhbier, H. 1978. Euphorbia margalidiana - eine neue Wolfsmilch-Art von den Pityusen (Balearen/Spanien). Naturwiss 5: 25-37.

López, G. and Nieto-Feliner, G. 1986. Apuntes para un tratamiento taxonómico del género Arenaria L. en la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Anales Jard. Bot. 42: 343-361.

Montmollin, B. de and Strahm, W. (eds). 2005. The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants: Wild plants at the brink of extinction, and what is needed to save them. IUCN SSC Mediterranean Islands Plant Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Mus, M. 1992. Estudio de la diversificación de la flora endémica de Baleares. Aspectos taxonómicos y evolutivos. Tesis Doctoral. Universitat Illes Balears.

Mus, M. 1995. Conservation of flora in the Balearics Islands. Ecologia Mediterranea 21(1/2): 185-194.

Romo, A.M. 1990. Observacions fitosociològiques a l'illa de Mallorca. Collect. Bot. 18: 162-165.

Sáez, L. and J.A. Rosselló 2001. Libre vermell de la flora vascular de les Illes Balears. Documents Tècnics de Conservació n#9. Govern de les Illes Balears.

Susanna, A. 1988. Femeniasia, novus genus carduearum. Collect. Bot. 17: 83-88.

Vicens, J., Molero, J., Blanche, C. 1996. Sintesis taxonómica del complejo de Euphorbia squarnigera y especies afines (Sect. Helioscopia Dumort.) en el Mediterráneo Occidental. Candollea 51: 59-93.

Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Citation:	Bibiloni, G. & Mus, M. 2006. Arenaria bolosii. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 18 June 2013.
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