Panthera tigris ssp. balica

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Habitat and Ecology

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CARNIVORA	FELIDAE

Scientific Name:

Panthera tigris ssp. balica

Species Authority:

Schwarz, 1912

Common Name/s:

English

–

Bali Tiger

Synonym/s:

Panthera sondaica Mazak & Groves, 2006 subspecies balica

Taxonomic Notes:

The Bali Tiger likely became extinct in the 1940s (Seidensticker 1987). On the basis of skull morphology Mazak and Groves (2006) classified the Bali Tiger as a subspecies of the Javan Tiger (also extinct), which they consider a separate species Panthera sondaica. Traditionally the Bali Tiger is considered a subspecies of Tiger Panthera tigris (Nowell and Jackson 1996).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Extinct ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

Jackson, P. & Nowell, K.

Reviewer/s:

Nowell, K., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C., Breitenmoser, U. (Cat Red List Authority) & Schipper, J. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)

Contributor/s:

Justification:
Tigers were last positively recorded from western Bali in the late 1930s. The Bali Barat National Park was established in 1941 in tiger habitat, but it is likely that Panthera tigris balica became extinct by the end of World War II or possibly as late as the early 1950s. The causes of extinction include hunting, and loss of forest habitat and prey base. There are no Bali Tigers in captivity (Seidensticker 1987)

History:

2003	–	Extinct (IUCN 2003)
2003	–	Extinct

Geographic Range [top]

Countries:	Regionally extinct: Indonesia (Bali)
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Systems:	Terrestrial

Systems:

Terrestrial

Bibliography [top]

	Mazak, J. H. and Groves, C. P. 2006. A taxonomic revision of the tigers (Panthera tigris) of Southeast Asia. Mammalian Biology 71(5): 268-287. Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. 1996. Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Seidensticker, J. 1987. Bearing witness: Observations on the extinction of Panthera tigris balica and Panthera tigris sondaica. In: R. L. Tilson and U. S. Seal (eds), Tigers of the World: The biology, biopolitics, management and conservation of an endangered species, pp. 1-8. Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ, USA.

Mazak, J. H. and Groves, C. P. 2006. A taxonomic revision of the tigers (Panthera tigris) of Southeast Asia. Mammalian Biology 71(5): 268-287.

Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. 1996. Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Seidensticker, J. 1987. Bearing witness: Observations on the extinction of Panthera tigris balica and Panthera tigris sondaica. In: R. L. Tilson and U. S. Seal (eds), Tigers of the World: The biology, biopolitics, management and conservation of an endangered species, pp. 1-8. Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ, USA.

Citation:	Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. 2008. Panthera tigris ssp. balica. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 May 2013.
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