Incilius periglenes

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AMPHIBIA	ANURA	BUFONIDAE

Scientific Name:

Incilius periglenes

Species Authority:

(Savage, 1967)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Golden Toad
Spanish	–	Sapo Dorado

Synonym/s:

Bufo periglenes Savage, 1967

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Extinct ver 3.1

Year Published:

2004

Assessor/s:

Alan Pounds, Jay Savage, Federico Bolaños

Reviewer/s:

Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox and Bruce Young)

Contributor/s:

Justification:
Listed as Extinct because it has not been recorded since 1989, and extensive searches in the appropriate habitat, during the appropriate season within the known range, have failed to locate this species.

History:

1996	–	Critically Endangered
1994	–	Endangered (Groombridge 1994)
1990	–	Endangered (IUCN 1990)
1988	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
1986	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species was known only from the Reserva Biológica Monteverde, Costa Rica, at elevations of 1,500-1,620m asl.
Countries:	Regionally extinct: Costa Rica
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Formerly a common species, no specimen has been seen since 1989. It last bred in normal numbers in 1987, and its breeding sites were well known. In 1988, only eight males and two females could be located. In 1989, a single male was found, and was the last record of the species. Extensive searches since this time have failed to produce any more records (as of August, 2007).

Population:

Formerly a common species, no specimen has been seen since 1989. It last bred in normal numbers in 1987, and its breeding sites were well known. In 1988, only eight males and two females could be located. In 1989, a single male was found, and was the last record of the species. Extensive searches since this time have failed to produce any more records (as of August, 2007).

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It lived in cloud and elfin forest, and was recorded breeding in temporary pools at the beginning of the rainy season.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Its restricted range, global warming, chytridiomycosis and airborne pollution probably contributed to this species' extinction.

Major Threat(s):

Its restricted range, global warming, chytridiomycosis and airborne pollution probably contributed to this species' extinction.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Its entire range was protected by the Reserva Biológica Monteverde. It is listed on CITES Appendix I (as Bufo periglenes).

Conservation Actions:

Its entire range was protected by the Reserva Biológica Monteverde.
It is listed on CITES Appendix I (as Bufo periglenes).

Bibliography [top]

	Crump, M.L. 1989. Life history consequences of feeding versus non-feeding in a facultatively non-feeding toad larva. Oecologia: 486-489. Crump, M.L., Hensley, F.R. and Clark, K.L. 1992. Apparent decline of the golden toad: Underground or extinct? Copeia: 413-420. IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004. Jacobson, S.K. and Vandenberg, J.J. 1991. Reproductive ecology of the endangered golden toad (Bufo periglenes). Journal of Herpetology: 321-327. Pounds, J.A. and Crump, M.L. 1994. Amphibian declines and climate disturbance: The case of the golden toad and the harlequin frog. Conservation Biology: 72-85. Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L. and Campbell, J.H. 1999. Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature: 611-615. Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Savage, J.M. and Gorman, G.C. 1997. Tests of null models for amphibian declines on a tropical mountain. Conservation Biology: 1307-1322. Savage, J.M. 1966. An extraordinary new toad (Bufo) from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical: 153-167. Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Crump, M.L. 1989. Life history consequences of feeding versus non-feeding in a facultatively non-feeding toad larva. Oecologia: 486-489.

Crump, M.L., Hensley, F.R. and Clark, K.L. 1992. Apparent decline of the golden toad: Underground or extinct? Copeia: 413-420.

IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004.

Jacobson, S.K. and Vandenberg, J.J. 1991. Reproductive ecology of the endangered golden toad (Bufo periglenes). Journal of Herpetology: 321-327.

Pounds, J.A. and Crump, M.L. 1994. Amphibian declines and climate disturbance: The case of the golden toad and the harlequin frog. Conservation Biology: 72-85.

Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L. and Campbell, J.H. 1999. Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature: 611-615.

Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Savage, J.M. and Gorman, G.C. 1997. Tests of null models for amphibian declines on a tropical mountain. Conservation Biology: 1307-1322.

Savage, J.M. 1966. An extraordinary new toad (Bufo) from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical: 153-167.

Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Citation:	Alan Pounds, Jay Savage, Federico Bolaños 2004. Incilius periglenes. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 May 2013.
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