| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animalia | Chordata | Myxini | Myxiniformes | Myxinidae |
| Scientific Name: | Eptatretus wisneri McMillan, 1999 |
| Red List Category & Criteria: | Least Concern ver 3.1 |
| Year Published: | 2011 |
| Date Assessed: | 2009-11-11 |
| Assessor(s): | Mincarone, M.M. |
| Reviewer(s): | Polidoro, B., Knapp, L. & Carpenter, K.E. |
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Justification: This species is known only by two museum specimens and is likely endemic to Galápagos Archipelago. It is likely a deepwater species, as specimens were recorded between 512 and 563 m. There are no known threats likely to affect this species, given its deep water habitat. It is also found entirely within the Galápagos Marine Protected Area. It is listed as Least Concern. However, more research is needed on this species population, biology, life history, and potential threats. |
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| Range Description: | This species is found within the Galápagos Archipelago, west of Fernandina Island (McMillan 1999). | ||||
| Countries occurrence: | Native: Ecuador (Galápagos) | ||||
| FAO Marine Fishing Areas: | Native: Pacific – southeast | ||||
| Additional data: |
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| Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
| Population: | The population of this species is only known from two type specimens. | ||
| Current Population Trend: |  Unknown | ||
| Additional data: |
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| Habitat and Ecology: | This species is found on the slope at depths from 512-563 m. The holotype is a 356 mm juvenile female with round eggs of less than 1 mm, with no ellipsoidal oocytes. The paratype is a 328 mm male with well-developed testes (McMillan 1999). The copulatory organ is absent in this species. The gonads of hagfishes are situated in the peritoneal cavity. The ovary is found in the anterior portion of the gonad, and the testis is found in the posterior part. The animal becomes female if the cranial part of the gonad develops or male if the caudal part undergoes differentiation. If none develops, then the animal becomes sterile. If both anterior and posterior parts develop, then the animal becomes a functional hermaphrodite. However, hermaphroditism being characterised as functional needs to be validated by more reproduction studies (Patzner 1998). |
| Systems: | Marine |
| Major Threat(s): | There are no known threats to this species. |
| Conservation Actions: | This species is found within Galápagos Marine Reserve so it is potentially safeguarded through enforcement activities. More research needed on its biology, population size, distribution and potential threats. |
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IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 30 June 2017). McMillan, C.B. 1999. Three new species of hagfish (Myxinidae, Eptatretus) from the Galápagos Islands. Fisheries Bulletin 97(1): 110-117. Mincarone, M.M. and McCosker, J.E. 2004. Eptatretus lakeside sp. nov., a new species of five-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae) from the Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 55(6): 162-168. Patzner, R.A. 1998. Gonads and reproduction in hagfishes. In: J.M. Jørgensen, J.P. Lomholt, R.E. Weber, and H. Malte (eds), The biology of hagfishes, pp. 378-395. Chapman & Hall, London. |
| Citation: | Mincarone, M.M. 2011. Eptatretus wisneri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T196047A8997757. . Downloaded on 22 September 2017. |
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ISSN 2307-8235
