Halichoeres bivittatus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	PERCIFORMES	LABRIDAE

Scientific Name:

Halichoeres bivittatus

Species Authority:

(Bloch, 1791)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Slippery dick
Spanish	–	Doncella ravada, Doncella rayada, Doncella verde, Loro dientón verde

Synonym/s:

Choerojulis arangoi Poey, 1876

Choerojulis grandisquamis Gill, 1863

Julis humeralis Poey, 1860

Labrus bivittatus Bloch, 1791

Labrus multicostatus Gronow, 1854

Labrus psittaculus Lacepède, 1801

Platyglossus florealis Jordan & Gilbert, 1882

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:	2010
Assessor/s:	Rocha, L., Francini, R. & Craig, M.
Reviewer/s:	Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.
Contributor/s:
Justification: This species is widespread and very common throughout much of its range in the Caribbean and Florida, although it is uncommon in northeastern Brazil. There are no major threats known to this species, and population trends are unknown. It is listed as Least Concern.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species occurs from North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro (Menezes et al. 2003) Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and throughout the Caribbean.
Countries:	Native: Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; Brazil; Cayman Islands; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique; Mexico; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Nicaragua; Panama; Puerto Rico; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Trinidad and Tobago; Turks and Caicos Islands; United States; Venezuela; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.
FAO Marine Fishing Areas:	Native: Atlantic – southwest; Atlantic – western central
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Currently, population size/trends have not been assessed. This species is not present in FAO global production estimates. Populations throughout the range seem to be well connected, except for the ones in North Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, which are genetically distinct and may represent a different species (Rocha et al. 2005). This species is the most common wrasse in the Caribbean, but is considered to be relatively rare in Brazil.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Population:

Currently, population size/trends have not been assessed. This species is not present in FAO global production estimates.

Populations throughout the range seem to be well connected, except for the ones in North Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, which are genetically distinct and may represent a different species (Rocha et al. 2005).

This species is the most common wrasse in the Caribbean, but is considered to be relatively rare in Brazil.

Population Trend:

Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This species is reef associated and found to at least 30 m depth. It is commonly found in rocky and reef areas in shallow waters. It is less common in seagrass beds. It feeds on other fishes (Böhlke and Chaplin 1993) and gastropods (Cervigón 1993). It forms leks during breeding (Allsop and West 2003). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite (Allsop and West 2003). It is diandric. It is also a pelagic spawner (Nemtzov 1985). Sex reversal is completed in more than three to four weeks (Roede 1972, Sadovy and Shapiro 1987). Length at sex change = 30.2 cm TL (Allsop and West 2003).
Systems:	Marine

Habitat and Ecology:

This species is reef associated and found to at least 30 m depth. It is commonly found in rocky and reef areas in shallow waters. It is less common in seagrass beds.

It feeds on other fishes (Böhlke and Chaplin 1993) and gastropods (Cervigón 1993). It forms leks during breeding (Allsop and West 2003). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite (Allsop and West 2003). It is diandric. It is also a pelagic spawner (Nemtzov 1985). Sex reversal is completed in more than three to four weeks (Roede 1972, Sadovy and Shapiro 1987). Length at sex change = 30.2 cm TL (Allsop and West 2003).

Systems:

Marine

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There are no major threats known for this species.

Major Threat(s):

There are no major threats known for this species.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	This species is present within several marine protected areas across its range. Baseline research on population trends is needed, as little is known about this species population status.

Conservation Actions:

This species is present within several marine protected areas across its range. Baseline research on population trends is needed, as little is known about this species population status.

Bibliography [top]

	Allsop, D.J. and West, S.A. 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 921-929. Böhlke, J.E. and Chaplin, C.C.G. 1993. Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. University of Texas Press, Austin. Cervigón, F. 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. IBAMA. 2007. Peixes Ornamentais Marinhos Estatica de Exportacao por especie para 2007. Available at: http://www.ibama.gov.br/recursos-pesqueiros/wp-content/files/quantidades_exportadas_2007_marinho.pdf. IUCN. 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2010.4). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 27 October 2010). Menezes, N.A., Buckup, P.A., de Figueiredo, J.L. and Moura, R.L. 2003. Cataologo das especies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Nemtzov, S.C. 1985. Social control of sex change in the Red Sea razorfish Xyrichthys pentadactylus (Teleostei, Labridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 14(2/3): 199-211. Rocha, L.A., Robertson, D R., Roman, J. and Bowen, B.W. 2005. Ecological speciation in tropical reef fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272(1563): 573-579. Roede, M.J. 1972. Color as related to size, sex, and behavior in seven Caribbean labrid fish species (genera Thalassoma, Halichoeres, Hemipteronotus). Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 42: 1-264. Sadovy, Y. and Shapiro, D.Y. 1987. Criteria for the diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes. Copeia: 136-156.

Allsop, D.J. and West, S.A. 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 921-929.

Böhlke, J.E. and Chaplin, C.C.G. 1993. Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Cervigón, F. 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela.

IBAMA. 2007. Peixes Ornamentais Marinhos Estatica de Exportacao por especie para 2007. Available at: http://www.ibama.gov.br/recursos-pesqueiros/wp-content/files/quantidades_exportadas_2007_marinho.pdf.

IUCN. 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2010.4). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 27 October 2010).

Menezes, N.A., Buckup, P.A., de Figueiredo, J.L. and Moura, R.L. 2003. Cataologo das especies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Nemtzov, S.C. 1985. Social control of sex change in the Red Sea razorfish Xyrichthys pentadactylus (Teleostei, Labridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 14(2/3): 199-211.

Rocha, L.A., Robertson, D R., Roman, J. and Bowen, B.W. 2005. Ecological speciation in tropical reef fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272(1563): 573-579.

Roede, M.J. 1972. Color as related to size, sex, and behavior in seven Caribbean labrid fish species (genera Thalassoma, Halichoeres, Hemipteronotus). Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 42: 1-264.

Sadovy, Y. and Shapiro, D.Y. 1987. Criteria for the diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes. Copeia: 136-156.

Citation:	Rocha, L., Francini, R. & Craig, M. 2010. Halichoeres bivittatus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 May 2013.
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