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Rhinoptera bonasus

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Classifications [top]

List of Habitats:
9 Marine Neritic
9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
9.9 Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)
9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
10 Marine Oceanic
10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
12 Marine Intertidal
12.5 Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)
13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
13.4 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
List of Conservation Actions:
1 Land/water protection
1.2 Resource & habitat protection (in place)
2 Land/water management
2.1 Site/area management (in place)
2.3 Habitat & natural process restoration (in place)
3 Species management
3.1 Species management
3.1.1 Harvest management (in place)
4 Education & awareness
4.1 Formal education (in place)
4.3 Awareness & communications (in place)
5 Law & policy
5.1 Legislation
5.1.1 International level (in place)
5.1.2 National level (in place)
5.1.3 Sub-national level (in place)
5.4 Compliance and enforcement
5.4.1 International level (in place)
5.4.2 National level (in place)
5.4.3 Sub-national level (in place)
6 Livelihood, economic & other incentives
6.1 Linked enterprises & livelihood alternatives (in place)
List of Threats:
5 Biological resource use
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
5.4.2 Intentional use: (large scale)
5.4.3 Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale)
5.4.4 Unintentional effects: (large scale)
5.4.5 Persecution/control
Citation: Barker, A.S. 2006. Rhinoptera bonasus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 June 2013.
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