Map_thumbnail_large_font

Phoca vitulina

Status_ne_offStatus_dd_offStatus_lc_onStatus_nt_offStatus_vu_offStatus_en_offStatus_cr_offStatus_ew_offStatus_ex_off

Classifications [top]

List of Habitats:
5 Wetlands (inland)
5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)
5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
9 Marine Neritic
9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
10 Marine Oceanic
10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
10.2 Marine Oceanic - Mesopelagic (200-1000m)
12 Marine Intertidal
12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
12.2 Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc
12.3 Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches
12.4 Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats
12.5 Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)
13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
13.1 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands
List of Conservation Actions:
2 Land/water management
2.1 Site/area management (in place)
3 Species management
3.1 Species management
3.1.1 Harvest management (in place)
3.2 Species recovery (in place)
List of Threats:
1 Residential & commercial development
1.2 Commercial & industrial areas
5 Biological resource use
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
5.4.1 Intentional use: (subsistence/small scale)
5.4.2 Intentional use: (large scale)
5.4.4 Unintentional effects: (large scale)
5.4.5 Persecution/control
6 Human intrusions & disturbance
6.3 Work & other activities
7 Natural system modifications
7.2 Dams & water management/use
7.2.11 Dams (size unknown)
8 Invasive & other problematic species & genes
8.2 Problematic native species
9 Pollution
9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
9.1.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.2 Industrial & military effluents
9.2.1 Oil spills
9.2.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents
9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
Citation: Thompson, D. & Härkönen, T. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) 2008. Phoca vitulina. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 May 2013.
Disclaimer: To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
Feedback: If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided