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Himantura undulata

Status_ne_offStatus_dd_offStatus_lc_offStatus_nt_offStatus_vu_onStatus_en_offStatus_cr_offStatus_ew_offStatus_ex_off

Classifications [top]

List of Habitats:
9 Marine Neritic
9.4 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy
9.5 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud
9.8 Marine Neritic - Coral Reef
9.8.4 Lagoon
9.8.5 Inter-Reef Soft Substrate
9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
12 Marine Intertidal
12.7 Marine Intertidal - Mangrove Submerged Roots
List of Conservation Actions:
1 Land/water protection
1.2 Resource & habitat protection (in place)
3 Species management
3.1 Species management
3.1.1 Harvest management (in place)
4 Education & awareness
4.3 Awareness & communications (in place)
5 Law & policy
5.1 Legislation
5.1.2 National level (in place)
5.1.3 Sub-national level (in place)
List of Threats:
1 Residential & commercial development
1.1 Housing & urban areas
1.2 Commercial & industrial areas
5 Biological resource use
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
5.4.2 Intentional use: (large scale)
5.4.3 Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale)
5.4.4 Unintentional effects: (large scale)
9 Pollution
9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
9.1.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents
9.3.1 Nutrient loads
9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation
Citation: Rigby, C. 2012. Himantura undulata. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2013.
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