Map_thumbnail_large_font

Spheniscus demersus

Status_ne_offStatus_dd_offStatus_lc_offStatus_nt_offStatus_vu_offStatus_en_onStatus_cr_offStatus_ew_offStatus_ex_off

Classifications [top]

List of Habitats:
3 Shrubland
3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
9 Marine Neritic
9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
9.2 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs
9.3 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel
9.4 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy
9.5 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud
9.7 Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp
9.9 Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)
10 Marine Oceanic
10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
10.2 Marine Oceanic - Mesopelagic (200-1000m)
12 Marine Intertidal
12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
12.3 Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches
13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
13.1 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands
List of Conservation Actions:
1 Land/water protection
1.1 Site/area protection (in place)
1.2 Resource & habitat protection (in place)
2 Land/water management
2.1 Site/area management (in place)
2.2 Invasive/problematic species control (in place)
3 Species management
3.2 Species recovery (in place)
3.3 Species re-introduction
3.3.1 Reintroduction (in place)
3.3.2 Benign introduction (in place)
5 Law & policy
5.4 Compliance and enforcement
5.4.1 International level (in place)
List of Threats:
3 Energy production & mining
3.2 Mining & quarrying
5 Biological resource use
5.1 Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals
5.1.1 Intentional use (species is the target)
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
5.4.4 Unintentional effects: (large scale)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance
6.3 Work & other activities
7 Natural system modifications
7.2 Dams & water management/use
7.2.8 Abstraction of ground water (unknown use)
8 Invasive & other problematic species & genes
8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species
8.1.2 Named species
8.2 Problematic native species
9 Pollution
9.2 Industrial & military effluents
9.2.1 Oil spills
11 Climate change & severe weather
11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration
11.4 Storms & flooding
Citation: BirdLife International 2012. Spheniscus demersus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 May 2013.
Disclaimer: To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
Feedback: If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided