Pinus albicaulis

Campbell, E.M and Antos, J.A. 2000. Distribution and severity of White Pine Blister Rust and Mountain Pine Beetle on Whitebark Pine in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 1051-1059.

Carroll, A. 2006. Why Are There So Many Beetles Right Now? Available at: http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/v-g/dpp-mpb/sec1/dpp-mpb1a_e.asp.

Dunn, D. and Crutchfield, J.P. 2006. Insects, Trees, and Climate: The Bioacoustic Ecology of Deforestation and Entomogenic Climate Change. Santa Fe Institute Working Paper 06-12-055.

Ellison, A.M. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 479-486.

Gibson, K. 2006. Mountain Pine Beetle conditions in Whitebark Pine stands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2006. Numbered Report 06-03. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT.

Goheen, E.M., Goheen, D.J., Marshall, K., Danchok, R.S., Petrick, J.A. and White, D.E. 2002. The status of Whitebark Pine along the Pacific Crest Trail on the Umpqua National Forest. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-530. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.

Greater Yellowstone Whitebark Pine Monitoring Working Group. 2006. Monitoring Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: 2005 Annual Report. In: C.C. Schwartz, M.A. Haroldson and K. West (eds), Yellowstone Grizzly Bear investigations: annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2005. U.S. Geological Survey, Bozeman, Montana.

IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008).

Keane, R.E. 2001. Successional Dynamics: Modeling and Anthropogenic Threat. In: D.F. Tomback, S.F. Arno and R.E. Keane (eds), Whitebark Pine Communities - Ecology and Restoration, pp. 159-192. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Keane, R.E. and Arno, S.F. 1993. Rapid decline of Whitebark Pine in western Montana: evidence from 20-year re-measurements. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 8: 44-47.

Keane, R. E., Arno, S.F., Brown, J.K. and Tomback, D.F. 1990. Modelling stand dynamics in Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests. Ecological Modelling 51: 73-95.

Keane, R. E., Morgan, P. and Menakis, J. P. 1994. Landscape assessment of the decline of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, Montana, USA. Northwest Science 68: 213-229.

Kegley, S., Schwandt, J. and Gibson, K. 2001. Forest health assessment of Whitebark Pine on Pyramid Pass, Russell Mountain, and Burton Ridge in the Selkirk Mountains on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. Report 01-8. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Forest Health Protection, Missoula, Montana.

Kendall, K.C. and Keane, R.E. 2001. Whitebark Pine decline: infection, mortality, and population trends. In: D.F. Tomback, S.F. Arno and R.E. Keane (eds), Whitebark Pine Communities: Ecology and Restoration, pp. 221-242. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Langor, D.W. 2003. Mountain Pine Beetle. Forestry Leaflet. Natural Resources Dept Canada., Canada Forestry Service, North, Forestry Center Edmonton, Alberta.

Logan, J.A. 2005. Climate Change Induced Invasions by Native and Exotic Pests. Available at: www.usu.edu/beetle/documents/Logan06_Abstract.pdf.

Logan, J.A. and Powell, J.A. 2001. Ghost forests, global warming, and the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). American Entomologist 47: 160-173.

Logan, J.A. and Powell, J.A. In prep. Ecological consequences of climate change altered forest insect disturbance regimes. In: F.H. Wagner (ed.), Climate Change in Western North America: Evidence and Environmental Effects, Allen Press, Lawrence.

Logan, J.A., Regniere, J. and Powell, J.A. 2003. Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(3): 130-137.

Shanahan, E., DeNitto, G.A., Cherry, S., Maj, M., Reinhart, D.P., Schwartz, C.C. and Bennetts, R.E. 2006. Monitoring Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Poster. Available at: http://fhm.fs.fed.us/posters/posters05/whitepinebark_yellowstone.pdf.

Shoal, R. and Aubry, C.A. 2004. The status of Whitebark Pine on four national forests in Washington State. Report on file. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Olympic National Forest.

Smith, C.M., Wilson, B., Rasheed, S., Walker, R.C., Carolin, T. and Shepherd, B. 2008. Whitebark Pine and White Pine Blister Rust in the Rocky Mountains of Canada and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 982-995.

Smith, J.P. and Hoffman, J.T. 2000. Status of White Pine Blister Rust in the Intermountain West. Western North American Naturalist 60: 165-179.

Struck, D. 2006. Rapid Warming spreads havoc in Canada’s forest: tiny beetles destroying pines. Washington Post Foreign Service: 1 March 2006, A01.

Zeglen, S. 2002. Whitebark Pine and White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1265-1274.