Urocyon littoralis

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

California Department of Fish and Game. 1987. Five-year status report on the island fox (Urocyon littoralis). Unpublished report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Collins, P. W. 1982. Origin and differentiation of the island fox: a study of evolution in insular populations. M.A. dissertation, University of California.

Collins, P. W. 1991. Interaction between island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and indians on islands off the coast of Southern California: I. Morphologic and archaeological evidence of human assisted dispersal. Journal of Ethnobiology 11: 51-81.

Collins, P. W. 1991. Interaction between island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and Native Americans on islands off the coast of Southern California: II. Ethnographic, archaeological and historical evidence. Journal of Ethnobiology 11: 205-229.

Collins, P. W. 1993. Taxonomic and biogeographic relationships of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) and gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus) from Western North America. In: F. G. Hochberg (ed.), Third California Islands Symposium: Recent advances in research on the California Islands, pp. 351-390. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA.

Coonan, T. 2002. Findings of the island fox conservation working group, June 25-27, 2003. National Park Service, Ventura, CA, USA.

Coonan, T. J. 2003. Recovery strategy for island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on the northern Channel Islands. Final report on file at Channel Islands National Park. Ventura, CA, USA.

Coonan, T. J. and Rutz, K. 2002. Change 2000 to 2001 Island fox captive breeding program. 2001 annual report. Technical report 02-01, Channel Islands National Park. Ventura, CA, USA.

Coonan, T. J., Schwemm, C. A., Roemer, G. W. and Austin, G. 2000. Population decline of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on San Miguel Island. In: D. R. Browne, K. L. Mitchell and H. W. Chaney (eds), Proceedings of the Fifth Channel Islands Symposium, pp. 289-297. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Camarillo, California, USA.

Cooper, D. M., Kershmer, E. L., Schmidt, G. A. and Garcelon, D. K. 2001. San Clemente loggerhead shrike predator research and management program-2000. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA. Final Report. U.S. Navy, Natural Resources Mangement Branch, Southwest Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, San Diego, California, USA.

Dennis, M., Randall, K., Schmidt, G. and Garcelon, D. 2001. Island fox (Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) distribution, abundance and survival on Santa Cruz Island, California. Unpublished Report. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, USA.

Elliot, T. and Popper, B. 1999. Predator management report for the protection of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike. U.S. Navy, Natural Resources Mangement Branch, Southwest Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command, San Diego, California, USA.

Garcelon, D. K. 1999. Island fox population analysis and management recommendations. Unpublished report submitted to: Southwest Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, San Diego, California, USA.

Garcelon, D. K., Wayne, R. K. and Gonzales, B. J. 1992. A serologic survey of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) on the Channel Islands, California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 223-229.

Goldstein, D. B., Roemer, G. W., Smith, D. A., Reich, D. E., Bergman, A. and Wayne, R. K. 1999. The use of microsatellite variation to infer patterns of migration, population structure, and demographic history: an evaluation of methods in a natural model system. Genetics 151: 797-801.

Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 1990. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Roemer, G. W. 1999. The ecology and conservation of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis). Ph.D. Thesis, University of California.

Roemer, G. W. and Wayne, R. K. 2003. Conservation in Conflict: The Tale of Two Endangered Species. Conservation Biology 17: 1251-1260.

Roemer, G. W., Coonan, T. J., Garcelon, D. K., Bascompte, J. and Laughrin, L. 2001. Feral pigs facilitate hyperpredation by golden eagles and indirectly cause the decline of the island fox. Animal Conservation 4: 307-318.

Roemer, G. W., Donlan, C. J. and Courchamp, F. 2002. Golden eagles, feral pigs and island carnivores: how exotic species turn native predators into prey. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99: 791-796.

Roemer, G. W., Garcelon, D. K., Coonan, T. J. and Schwemm, C. 1994. The use of capture-recapture methods for estimating, monitoring and conserving island fox populations. In: W. L. Halvorson and G. J. Maender (eds), 4th California Islands Symposium: update on the status of resources, pp. 387-400. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Roemer, G. W., Miller, P. S., Laake, J., Wilcox, C. and Coonan, T. J. 2000. Island fox demographic workshop report. Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, CA, USA.

Roemer, G. W., Smith, D. A., Garcelon, D. K. and Wayne, R. K. 2001. The behavioural ecology of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis). Journal of Zoology (London) 255(1): 1-14.

Schmidt, G. A., Garcelon, D. K. and Sloan, J. 2002. Fox monitoring and research in support of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike predator control program on Naval Auxillary Landing Field, San Clemente Island, California. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA. Unpublished report submitted to the U.S. Navy, Natural Resources Management Branch, Southwest Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, San Diego, CA, USA.

Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D. W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Suckling, K. and Garcelon, D. K. 2000. Petition to list four island fox subspecies as endangered. Petition submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1 June 2000. Center for Biological Diversity, Tuscon, Arizona, and Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, USA.

Timm, S. F., Barker, W. D., Johnson, S. A., Sewell, J. H., Sharpe, P. B., Schmidt, G. A. and Garcelon, D. K. 2002. Island fox recovery efforts on Santa Catalina Island, California, September 2000 ? October 2001. Annual Report. Report prepared for Ecological Restoration Department, Santa Catalina Island Conservancy. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA, USA.

Timm, S. F., Stokely, J. M., Gehr, T. B., Peebles, R. L. and Garcelon, D. K. 2000. Investigation into the decline of island foxes on Santa Catalina Island. Report prepared for the Ecological Restoration Department, Santa Catalina Island Conservancy. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Avalon, CA, USA.

U.S. Department of the Interior. 2001. 50 CFR Part 17, Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Listing the San Miguel Island fox, Santa Rosa Island fox, Santa Cruz Island fox and Santa Catalina Island fox as endangered. Federal Register 66: 63654-63665.

U.S. Department of the Interior. 2002. Santa Cruz Island primary restoration plan. Final environmental impact statement on file at park headquarters, Channel Islands National Park. Ventura, California, USA.