Synallaxis kollari

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PASSERIFORMES	FURNARIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Synallaxis kollari

Species Authority:

Pelzeln, 1856

Common Name/s:

English

–

Hoary-throated Spinetail

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Critically Endangered A3c ver 3.1

Year Published:

2012

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Butchart, S. & Symes, A.

Contributor/s:

Santos, M., Silveira, L., Vale, M. & Whittaker, A.

Justification:
This species, which has a very small occupied range which is severely fragmented, and declining in extent and quality, has been uplisted to Critically Endangered because a model of future deforestation in the Amazon basin predicts that its population will decline extremely rapidly over the next three generations as land is cleared for cattle ranching and soy production, facilitated by expansion of the road network.

History:

2008	–	Endangered
2005	–	Vulnerable
2004	–	Endangered
2000	–	Endangered
1996	–	Vulnerable
1994	–	Vulnerable
1988	–	Near Threatened

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Synallaxis kollari was, until recently, known from six specimens and a small number of observations along the rio Cotingo, rio Surumu, rio Tacutu, rio Uraricoera and the upper rio Branco in north Roraima, Brazil and adjacent Guyana (Forrester 1995). Although it is locally common, it has a highly fragmented range in patches of suitable habitat which total no more than 206 km² (Vale et al. 2007). It was long known only from records (mostly since 1956) on the rio Tacutu within 2 km of the Brazil-Guyana border (Forrester 1995, Zimmer et al. 1997b, A. Whittaker in litt. 1999), but it has subsequently been recorded on the rio Surumu in 1998, the rio Cotingo in 2001 (Grosset and Minns 2002), the Ireng river near its confluence with the the Tacutu in 1993-1996 (Robbins et al. 2004), on the east bank of the rio Uraricoera, 45 km north-east of Boa Vista in 2001 (Grosset and Minns 2002), on islands in the rio Uraricoera (L. F. Silveira in litt. 2012), and on the rio Parime in 2004 (Vale et al. 2007). It has been extirpated from the type locality, and it is apparently absent from south of Fortaleza de São Joaquim on the rio Branco (Zimmer et al. 1997b).
Countries:	Native: Brazil; Guyana
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Vale et al. (2007) state that there is 206 km² of suitable habitat, with a species population density of 60 individuals / km². This gives a population size of c.5,000 individuals, and so it is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 individuals. This equates to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Most recent observations have been in seasonally flooded riverine forest with an understorey of dense thickets and vines (Forrester 1995, A. Whittaker in litt. 1999). The sightings along the rio Uraricoera in 2001 were from riverine thickets that were not subject to annual flooding (Grosset and Minns 2002). Suitable habitat is probably restricted to within 0.5 km² of the rivers (Zimmer et al. 1997b). It has been found in fairly disturbed gallery forest (L. Silveira in litt. 2007). A bird was seen entering an apparently incomplete nest in July (Grosset and Minns 2002).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Most recent observations have been in seasonally flooded riverine forest with an understorey of dense thickets and vines (Forrester 1995, A. Whittaker in litt. 1999). The sightings along the rio Uraricoera in 2001 were from riverine thickets that were not subject to annual flooding (Grosset and Minns 2002). Suitable habitat is probably restricted to within 0.5 km² of the rivers (Zimmer et al. 1997b). It has been found in fairly disturbed gallery forest (L. Silveira in litt. 2007). A bird was seen entering an apparently incomplete nest in July (Grosset and Minns 2002).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	The gallery forests within the species range are being rapidly converted into rice plantations (Vale et al. 2007). The rice plantations are concentrated on the margins of the rio Branco's main tributaries and rely heavily on fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides (Vale et al. 2007). Bird and fish die-offs have been reported near these plantations (Vale et al. 2007). The margins of the rio Tacutu, rio Surumu and rio Mau have been completely converted to rice plantations (Vale et al. 2007). Burning of vegetation, such as the fires that spread through Roraima in 1999 (A. Whittaker in litt. 1999), may be another major threat. Forest loss across the species's range is likely to become extremely rapid (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011).

Major Threat(s):

The gallery forests within the species range are being rapidly converted into rice plantations (Vale et al. 2007). The rice plantations are concentrated on the margins of the rio Branco's main tributaries and rely heavily on fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides (Vale et al. 2007). Bird and fish die-offs have been reported near these plantations (Vale et al. 2007). The margins of the rio Tacutu, rio Surumu and rio Mau have been completely converted to rice plantations (Vale et al. 2007). Burning of vegetation, such as the fires that spread through Roraima in 1999 (A. Whittaker in litt. 1999), may be another major threat. Forest loss across the species's range is likely to become extremely rapid (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation Actions Underway Rice producers were evicted from the San Marcos Indigenous Reserve, which is thought to confer some protection for the species (Vale et al. 2007). Conservation Actions Proposed Assess the impact of recent fires on the species. Protect known areas along the rio Tacutu. Provide support to indigenous peoples seeking to prevent habitat destruction within their reserves.

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions Underway
Rice producers were evicted from the San Marcos Indigenous Reserve, which is thought to confer some protection for the species (Vale et al. 2007).

Conservation Actions Proposed
Assess the impact of recent fires on the species. Protect known areas along the rio Tacutu. Provide support to indigenous peoples seeking to prevent habitat destruction within their reserves.

Bibliography [top]

	Bird, J. P.; Buchanan, J. M.; Lees, A. C.; Clay, R. P.; Develey, P. F.; Yépez, I.; Butchart, S. H. M. 2011. Integrating spatially explicit habitat projections into extinction risk assessments: a reassessment of Amazonian avifauna incorporating projected deforestation. Diversity and Distributions: doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00843.x. Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K. Forrester, B. C. 1995. Brazil's northern frontier sites: in search of two Rio Branco endemics. Cotinga: 51-53. Grosset, A.; Minns, J. 2002. Photospot: Hoary-throated Spinetail Poecilurus kollari. Cotinga 18: 114. IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 19 June 2012). Naka, L. N.; Cohn-Haft, M.; Mallet-Rodrigues, F.; Santos, M. P. D.; Torres, M. deF. 2006. The avifauna of the Brazilian state of Roraima: bird distribution and biogeography in the Rio Branco basin. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14(3): 197-238. Robbins, M. B.; Braun, M.J.; Finch, D.W. 2004. Avifauna of the Guyana southern Rupununi, with comparisons to other savannas of northern south America. Ornitologia Neotropical 15: 173 & 174. Soares-Filho, B.S.; Nepstad, D.C.; Curran, L.M.; Cerqueira, G.C.; Garcia, R. A.; Ramos, C. A.; Voll, E.; McDonald, A.; Lefebvre, P.; Schlesinger, P. 2006. Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin. Nature 440(7083): 520-523. Vale, M. M.; Bell, J. B.; Alves, M. A. S.; Pimm, S. L. 2007. Abundance, distribution and conservation of Rio Brance Antbird Cercomacra carbonaria and Hoary-throated Spinetail Synallaxis kollari. Bird Conservation International 17(3): 245-247. Zimmer, K. J.; Parker, T. A., III; Isler, M. L.; Isler, P. R. 1997. Survey of a southern Amazonian avifauna: the Alta Floresta region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Ornithological Monographs 48: 887-918.

Bird, J. P.; Buchanan, J. M.; Lees, A. C.; Clay, R. P.; Develey, P. F.; Yépez, I.; Butchart, S. H. M. 2011. Integrating spatially explicit habitat projections into extinction risk assessments: a reassessment of Amazonian avifauna incorporating projected deforestation. Diversity and Distributions: doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00843.x.

Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.

Forrester, B. C. 1995. Brazil's northern frontier sites: in search of two Rio Branco endemics. Cotinga: 51-53.

Grosset, A.; Minns, J. 2002. Photospot: Hoary-throated Spinetail Poecilurus kollari. Cotinga 18: 114.

IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 19 June 2012).

Naka, L. N.; Cohn-Haft, M.; Mallet-Rodrigues, F.; Santos, M. P. D.; Torres, M. deF. 2006. The avifauna of the Brazilian state of Roraima: bird distribution and biogeography in the Rio Branco basin. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14(3): 197-238.

Robbins, M. B.; Braun, M.J.; Finch, D.W. 2004. Avifauna of the Guyana southern Rupununi, with comparisons to other savannas of northern south America. Ornitologia Neotropical 15: 173 & 174.

Soares-Filho, B.S.; Nepstad, D.C.; Curran, L.M.; Cerqueira, G.C.; Garcia, R. A.; Ramos, C. A.; Voll, E.; McDonald, A.; Lefebvre, P.; Schlesinger, P. 2006. Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin. Nature 440(7083): 520-523.

Vale, M. M.; Bell, J. B.; Alves, M. A. S.; Pimm, S. L. 2007. Abundance, distribution and conservation of Rio Brance Antbird Cercomacra carbonaria and Hoary-throated Spinetail Synallaxis kollari. Bird Conservation International 17(3): 245-247.

Zimmer, K. J.; Parker, T. A., III; Isler, M. L.; Isler, P. R. 1997. Survey of a southern Amazonian avifauna: the Alta Floresta region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Ornithological Monographs 48: 887-918.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2012. Synallaxis kollari. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 19 May 2013.
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