Incilius melanochlorus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AMPHIBIA	ANURA	BUFONIDAE

Scientific Name:	Incilius melanochlorus
Species Authority:	(Cope, 1877)
Synonym/s:	Bufo melanochloris Taylor, 1952 Bufo melanochlorus Cope, 1877 Bufo melanochlorus Cope, 1877
Taxonomic Notes:	Pacific slope populations have recently been described as a separate species, I. aucoinae (O'Neill and Mendelson, 2004). However, records of Incilius melanochlorus from the Pacific slope remain, and these need further investigation to confirm their identity (Federico Bolaños and Gerardo Chaves pers. comm.).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published:

2010

Assessor/s:

Federico Bolaños, Gerardo Chaves, Javier Sunyer

Reviewer/s:

Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox and Bruce Young)

Contributor/s:

Justification:
Listed as Least Concern since, although its Extent of Occurrence is probably less than 20,000 km2, it is common and somewhat adaptable with a presumed large population, and it is unlikely to be declining to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

History:

2004

–

Least Concern

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species occurs in the lowlands and middle elevations of the Atlantic slopes and Cordillera Central of Costa Rica, at elevations of 2-1,080m asl. It has recently been recorded from extreme southaeastern Nicaragua (Köhler et al., 2004).
Countries:	Native: Costa Rica; Nicaragua
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	It is widespread and regularly encountered during breeding periods. It disappeared from Monteverde in the late 1980s and then reappeared in the 1990s (Pounds et al. 1997).
Population Trend:	Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It lives in lowland moist and wet forests and the lower portion of premontane wet forest. It is most likely not very tolerant of either canopy removal of forest or alteration and/or siltation of breeding streams. Other species in this clade are highly intolerant of such impacts. It breeds in large streams and is sometimes encountered on the forest floor.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Alteration of streams, including pollution is a threat to this species. Chytridiomycosis might be a future threat.

Major Threat(s):

Alteration of streams, including pollution is a threat to this species. Chytridiomycosis might be a future threat.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	It occurs in several National Parks and other protected areas, including La Selva, Monteverde and Reserva Indo-Maíz. Population monitoring is recommended in case of outbreaks of chytridiomycosis and/or other diseases. Further studies are needed into the identity of populations allocated to this species from the Pacific coast (Federico Bolaños and Gerardo Chaves pers. comm.).

Conservation Actions:

It occurs in several National Parks and other protected areas, including La Selva, Monteverde and Reserva Indo-Maíz. Population monitoring is recommended in case of outbreaks of chytridiomycosis and/or other diseases. Further studies are needed into the identity of populations allocated to this species from the Pacific coast (Federico Bolaños and Gerardo Chaves pers. comm.).

Citation:	Federico Bolaños, Gerardo Chaves, Javier Sunyer 2010. Incilius melanochlorus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 May 2013.
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