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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
Animalia	Chordata	Amphibia	Anura	Alsodidae

Scientific Name:	Alsodes tumultuosus
Species Authority:	Veloso, Iturra-Constant & Galleguillos, 1979
Common Name(s): English – La Parva Spiny-chest Frog
Taxonomic Source(s):	Frost, D.R. 2015. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. New York, USA. Available at: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Vulnerable B1ab(i,iii) ver 3.1
Year Published:	2015
Date Assessed:	2015-07-09
Assessor(s):	IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group
Reviewer(s):	Luedtke, J.
Contributor(s):	Veloso, A., Charrier, A., Correa, C., Soto, C., Velez, C., Lobos, G., Nunez, H., Mendez, M. & Díaz, S.
Facilitator/Compiler(s):	Hobin, L. & Superina, M.
Justification: Listed as Vulnerable because its extent of occurrence is 6,343 km2, there are no more than 10 locations, and several of them - especially in the extremes of its range - are threatened by human activities. In the north its habitat is being reduced by constructions related to the tourism industry (skiing), and the habitat quality is affected by pollution due to sewage. In the south, the construction of several hydroelectric dams has already been approved, and there is no doubt that this will affect the species directly and indirectly. Finally, chytridiomycosis has been identified in one of the sub-populations.
Previously published Red List assessments:	2010 – Critically Endangered (CR) Download assessment 2004 – Critically Endangered (CR) Download assessment 1996 – Data Deficient (DD) Download assessment 1996 – Data Deficient (DD) Download assessment 1994 – Endangered (E) Download assessment

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is known from 10 threat-defined locations from the Metropolitan region to the VI region of Chile, at altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000 m asl. It has an extent of occurrence of 6,343 km2.
Countries occurrence:	Native: Chile (O'Higgins, Santiago)
Additional data:	♦ Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Yes ♦ Number of Locations: 10 ♦ Lower elevation limit (metres): 2000 ♦ Upper elevation limit (metres): 3000
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	The species seems to be more abundant than its congener A. montanus.
Current Population Trend:	Unknown
Additional data:	♦ Population severely fragmented: No

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This stream-breeding species has been found under stones, in mountain streams, where the surrounding vegetation comprises grasses characteristic of cold Andean areas. It has free-swimming tadpoles.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat:	Yes
Movement patterns:	Not a Migrant

Use and Trade [top]

Use and Trade:

There are no records of this species being utilized.

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):

The primary threat in the northernmost location is from recreational skiing and tourist infrastructure development, as well as the associated pollution by sewage. Projected hydroelectric dams - some of which are already being constructed - will affect the species in the southern range in the near future. Chytridiomycosis has been found in high proportions in one sub-population (Farallones).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions The species occurs in Reserva Nacional Río Cipreses.