Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
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Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Passeriformes | Fringillidae |
Scientific Name: | Acanthis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
Regional Assessments: | ||||
Common Name(s):
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Synonym(s): |
Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Taxonomic Source(s): | del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK. |
Red List Category & Criteria: | Least Concern ver 3.1 |
Year Published: | 2016 |
Date Assessed: | 2016-10-01 |
Assessor(s): | BirdLife International |
Reviewer(s): | Butchart, S. & Symes, A. |
Facilitator/Compiler(s): | Symes, A., Ashpole, J |
Justification: This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. |
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Previously published Red List assessments: |
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Countries occurrence: | Native: Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria; Canada; China; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Greenland; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Japan; Kazakhstan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Moldova; Mongolia; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation (Central Asian Russia, Eastern Asian Russia, European Russia); Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States; UzbekistanIntroduced: Australia; New ZealandVagrant: Bahamas; Bermuda; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Cyprus; Jamaica; Malta; Portugal; Turkey | ||||||||||||||
Additional data: |
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Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
Population: | The European population is estimated at 6,070,000-14,500,000 pairs, which equates to 12,100,000-29,000,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.20% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 60,500,000-145,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. Trend Justification: C. f. flammea species has undergone a large and statistically significant decrease over the last 40 years in North America (-77% decline over 40 years, equating to a -30.7% decline per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count. In Europe the population size is estimated to be fluctuating (BirdLife International 2015). | ||||||||||||||
Current Population Trend: | ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Additional data: |
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Habitat and Ecology: | In the north of this species's range it breeds in lowland treeless tundra and dry heath with dwarf birch (Betula) and stunted shrubby osiers (Salix), as well as open taiga of pine (Pinus) and spruce (Picea) and scrub. Further south it prefers wooded slopes, swampy hollows and riverine thickets with birch, willow (Salix), juniper (Juniperus), alder (Alnus) and rowan (Sorbus), along with mixed birch and pine. In Iceland it also breeds in introduced conifer plantations and parks. Breeding occurs from late-April to August. Nests are generally built up to five metres above ground in a shrub or tree and frequently on branches close to the trunk and are a cup constructed of grasses, small twigs, plant fibres and roots, bark strips, moss, animal hair and feathers. Clutches are four to six eggs. it feeds mainly on seeds and buds, as well as small invertebrates (Clement 2016) which are usually taken in the breeding season (Snow and Perrins 1998). The species is resident, migratory and irruptive (Clement 2016). |
Systems: | Terrestrial |
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: | Unknown |
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Generation Length (years): | 4.5 |
Movement patterns: | Full Migrant |
Major Threat(s): | In Poland afforestation and disturbance from recreational activities pose a threat (Jakubiec 2001). This species may also be affected by future climate change (Marthinsen et al. 2008). |
Conservation Actions: |
Conservation Actions Underway Bern Convention Appendix II. Conservation Actions Proposed Locally, protection of important areas of habitat should be protected from change and disturbance. Research should be undertaken to assess the effects and impacts of climate change. |
Citation: | BirdLife International. 2016. Acanthis flammea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22725044A88470766. . Downloaded on 24 April 2018. |
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