Diplomystes chilensis

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	SILURIFORMES	DIPLOMYSTIDAE

Scientific Name:

Diplomystes chilensis

Species Authority:

(Molina, 1782)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Tollo, Tollo De Agua Dulce
Spanish	–	Bagre, Tollo, Tollo de agua dulce

Synonym/s:

Arius cacharioides Leybold, 1959

Arius micropterus Philippi, 1866

Arius papillosus Valenciennes, 1840

Arius squalus Philippi, 1866

Arius synodon Philippi, 1866

Arius villosus Philippi, 1866

Diplomystes papillosus (Valenciennes, 1840)

Silurus chilensis Molina, 1782

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Data Deficient ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2009

Assessor/s:

Reis, R & Lima, F.

Reviewer/s:

Collen, B., Darwall, W., Ram, M. & Smith, K. (SRLI Freshwater Fish Evaluation Workshop)

Justification:
Assessed as Data Deficient due to the lack of information regarding its current status. As it has been considered extinct in the past, further research is required to determine whether this species persists, and if so, to ascertain its present range and continuing threats.

History:

1996	–	Endangered
1994	–	Endangered (Groombridge 1994)
1990	–	Endangered (IUCN 1990)
1988	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
1986	–	Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is known from the Rapel River drainage basin between Chilean Regions V and VI.
Countries:	Native: Chile
Range Map:	(click map to view full version)

Population [top]

Population:	Though this species has previously been regarded as extinct, two specimens attributed to this species were recently collected in the Rio Cachapoal, Rapel basin (Dyer 2000).
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	D. chilensis is a demersal (living at or near the bottom of the water body) species.
Systems:	Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	All diplomystids are considered to be potentially or actually threatened or endangered due to habitat deterioration and predation or competition by introduced trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta. Diplomystes chilensis may be extinct (Lundberg et al. 2004). This species is threatened by habitat degradation and contamination (Campos et al. 1998).

Major Threat(s):

All diplomystids are considered to be potentially or actually threatened or endangered due to habitat deterioration and predation or competition by introduced trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta. Diplomystes chilensis may be extinct (Lundberg et al. 2004).

This species is threatened by habitat degradation and contamination (Campos et al. 1998).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	There are no conservation measures in place and research into the population trends and range of the species are required.

Conservation Actions:

There are no conservation measures in place and research into the population trends and range of the species are required.

Bibliography [top]

	Anon. 1999. Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum. Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Anon. 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution).. Anon. 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History.. Arratia, G. 1987. Description of the primitive family Diplomystidae (Siluriformes, Teleostei, Pisces): morphology, taxonomy and phylogenetic implications. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 24: 1-120. Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Burgess, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey, USA. Campos, H., Dazarola, G., Dyer, B., Fuentes, L., Gavilan, J.S., Huaquin, L., Martinez, G., Melendez, R., Pequeno, G., Ponce, F., Ruiz, V.H., Sieldfeld, W., Soto, D., Vega, R. and Vila, I. 1998. Categorías de conservación de peces nativos de aguas continentales de Chile. Boletín Museo Nacional Historia Natural 47: 101-122. de Pinna, M.C.C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical Siluriformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi): historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds), Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes., pp. 279-330. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. Dyer, B.S. 2000. Systematic review and biogeography of the freshwater fishes of Chile. Estudios Oceanológicos 19: 77 - 98. Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalogue of fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Eschmeyer, W.N. 1999. Catalo of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999.. Ferraris, C.J., Jr. 2003. Diplomystidae (Velvet catfishes). In: R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, pp. 255-256. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. Froese, R. and Pauly, D. 2006. FishBase. Available at: www.fishbase.org. Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. Hilton-Taylor, C. 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. Hureau, J.-C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France., pp. 225-227. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2009.2). Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 3 November 2009). Lundberg, J.G., Berra, T.M. and Friel, J.P. 2004. First description of small juveniles of the primitive catfish Diplomystes (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 15(1): 71 - 82. Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N. and Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada.. Wu, H.L., Shao, K.T. and Lai, C.F. 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

Anon. 1999. Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum. Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).

Anon. 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution)..

Anon. 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History..

Arratia, G. 1987. Description of the primitive family Diplomystidae (Siluriformes, Teleostei, Pisces): morphology, taxonomy and phylogenetic implications. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 24: 1-120.

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Burgess, W.E. 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey, USA.

Campos, H., Dazarola, G., Dyer, B., Fuentes, L., Gavilan, J.S., Huaquin, L., Martinez, G., Melendez, R., Pequeno, G., Ponce, F., Ruiz, V.H., Sieldfeld, W., Soto, D., Vega, R. and Vila, I. 1998. Categorías de conservación de peces nativos de aguas continentales de Chile. Boletín Museo Nacional Historia Natural 47: 101-122.

de Pinna, M.C.C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical Siluriformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi): historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. In: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds), Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes., pp. 279-330. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

Dyer, B.S. 2000. Systematic review and biogeography of the freshwater fishes of Chile. Estudios Oceanológicos 19: 77 - 98.

Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalogue of fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

Eschmeyer, W.N. 1999. Catalo of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999..

Ferraris, C.J., Jr. 2003. Diplomystidae (Velvet catfishes). In: R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, pp. 255-256. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

Froese, R. and Pauly, D. 2006. FishBase. Available at: www.fishbase.org.

Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.

Hilton-Taylor, C. 2000. 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.

Hureau, J.-C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France., pp. 225-227. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.

IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2009.2). Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 3 November 2009).

Lundberg, J.G., Berra, T.M. and Friel, J.P. 2004. First description of small juveniles of the primitive catfish Diplomystes (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 15(1): 71 - 82.

Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N. and Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada..

Wu, H.L., Shao, K.T. and Lai, C.F. 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

Citation:	Reis, R & Lima, F. 2009. Diplomystes chilensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2012.
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