Silurana tropicalis

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AMPHIBIA	ANURA	PIPIDAE

Scientific Name:

Silurana tropicalis

Species Authority:

Gray, 1864

Common Name/s:

English

–

Tropical Clawed Frog

Taxonomic Notes:

This form is a diploid species. There are probably other species to be discovered in this genus (R.C. Tinsley pers. comm.). The Sanaga River in Cameroon has arbitrarily been set as the boundary between this species and Silurana epitropicalis, pending more information (Loumont 1983).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:	2004
Assessor/s:	Richard Tinsley, Mark-Oliver Rödel, John Measey
Reviewer/s:	Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson and Neil Cox)
Justification: Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This West Africa species ranges from Senegal to western Cameroon north and west of the Sanaga River. It also occurs on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). We follow Loumont (1983) in provisionally assigning records to the east and south of this range to Silurana epitropicalis. However, the distributional limits of both species require further clarification. There do not appear to be any records from Mali, but it might occur in the extreme south of this country.
Countries:	Native: Benin; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Côte d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Togo Presence uncertain: Mali
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	It is an extremely common species in the forest zone of West Africa.
Population Trend:	Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It is a water-dependent species, associated with secondary and primary forest, and degraded former forest (farm bush), living in all kinds of stagnant waters. It enters streams and rivers during dry season, and breeds in temporary pools during the wet season. It is associated with gallery forests in the savannah zone.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	It is a very adaptable species that is not facing any significant threats. It is harvested for human consumption, which might have a local impact on certain populations.

Major Threat(s):

It is a very adaptable species that is not facing any significant threats. It is harvested for human consumption, which might have a local impact on certain populations.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	It occurs in several protected areas.

Conservation Actions:

It occurs in several protected areas.

Bibliography [top]

	1996. The Biology of Xenopus. Zoological Society of London, Clarendon Press, London. Amiet, J.-L. 1978. Les amphibiens anoures de la region de Mamfe (Cameroun). Annales de la Faculté des Sciences du Yaoundé: 189-219. Böhme, W. 1978. Zur Herpetofaunistik des Senegal. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 360-417. Böhme, W. 1994. Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost Guineas, Westafrika. I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. Herpetofauna: 11-19. Böhme, W., Meinig, H. and Rödel, M.-O. 1996. New records of amphibians and reptiles from Burkina Faso and Mali. British Herpetological Society Bulletin: 7-26. Fischberg, M., Colombelli, B. and Picard, J.-J. 1982. Diagnose preliminaire d'une espece nouvelle de Xenopus du Zaire. Alytes: 53-55. Frétey, T. and Blanc, C.P. 2000. Liste des Amphibiens d'Afrique Centrale. ADIE, Libreville, Gabon. Herrmann, H.-W., Böhme, W., Herrmann, P.A., Plath, M., Schmitz, A. and Solbach, M. 2005. African Biodiversity Hotspots: the amphibians of Mt. Nlonako, Cameroon. Salamandra: 61-81. Hughes, B. 1988. Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa). British Herpetological Society Bulletin: 29-38. IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004. Joger, U. 1981. Zur Herpetofaunistik Westafrikas. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 297-340. Kobel, H.R., Barundun, B. and Thiebaud, C.H. 1998. Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny in Xenopus. Herpetological Journal: 13-17. Lamotte, M. 1967. Les batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institution Fondamental d'Afrique Noire: 218-294. Lawson, D.P. 1993. The reptiles and amphibians of the Korup National Park Project, Cameroon. Herpetological Natural History: 27-90. Loumont, C. 1983. Deux especes nouvelles de Xenopus du Cameroun (Amphibia, Pipidae). Rev. Suisse Zool.: 169-177. Loumont, C. 1984. Current distribution of the genus Xenopus in Africa and future prospects. Rev. Suisse Zool.: 725-746. Mertens, R. 1965. Die Amphibien von Fernando Poo. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 14-29. Rödel, M.-O. 2000. Herpetofauna of the West Africa. Volume 1. Amphibians of the West African Savannas. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. Rödel, M.-O. 2000. Les communautes d'amphibiens dans le Parc National de Tai, Cote d'Ivoire. Les anoures comme bio-indicateurs de l 'etat des habitats. Rapport de Centre Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Abidjan: 108-113. Rödel, M.-O. 2003. The amphibians of Mont Sangbé National Park, Ivory Coast. Salamandra: 91-110. Rödel, M.-O. and Agyei, A.C. 2003. Amphibians of the Togo-Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra: 207-234. Rödel, M.-O. and Bangoura, M.A. 2004. A conservation assessment of amphibians in the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Tropical Zoology: 201-232. Rödel, M.-O. and Branch, W.R. 2002. Herpetological survey of the Haute Dodo and Cavally forests, western Ivory Coast, Part I: Amphibians. Salamandra: 245-268. Rödel, M.-O. and Spieler, M. 2000. Trilingual keys to the Savannah-Anurans of the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie): 1-21. Rödel, M.-O., Gil, M., Agyei, A.C., Leaché, A.D., Diaz, R.E., Fujita, M.K. and Ernst, R. 2005. The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra: 107-127. Tymowska, J. and Fischberg, M. 1982. A comparison of the karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin, and nucleolar organizer regions of the new tetraploid species Xenopus epitropicalis Fischberg and Picard with those of Xenopus tropicalis Gray (Anura, Pipidae). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics: 149-157. Vigny, C. 1979. The mating calls of 12 species and sub-species on the genus Xenopus (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Zoology: 103-122.

1996. The Biology of Xenopus. Zoological Society of London, Clarendon Press, London.

Amiet, J.-L. 1978. Les amphibiens anoures de la region de Mamfe (Cameroun). Annales de la Faculté des Sciences du Yaoundé: 189-219.

Böhme, W. 1978. Zur Herpetofaunistik des Senegal. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 360-417.

Böhme, W. 1994. Frosche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Sudost Guineas, Westafrika. I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae. Herpetofauna: 11-19.

Böhme, W., Meinig, H. and Rödel, M.-O. 1996. New records of amphibians and reptiles from Burkina Faso and Mali. British Herpetological Society Bulletin: 7-26.

Fischberg, M., Colombelli, B. and Picard, J.-J. 1982. Diagnose preliminaire d'une espece nouvelle de Xenopus du Zaire. Alytes: 53-55.

Frétey, T. and Blanc, C.P. 2000. Liste des Amphibiens d'Afrique Centrale. ADIE, Libreville, Gabon.

Herrmann, H.-W., Böhme, W., Herrmann, P.A., Plath, M., Schmitz, A. and Solbach, M. 2005. African Biodiversity Hotspots: the amphibians of Mt. Nlonako, Cameroon. Salamandra: 61-81.

Hughes, B. 1988. Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa). British Herpetological Society Bulletin: 29-38.

IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004.

Joger, U. 1981. Zur Herpetofaunistik Westafrikas. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 297-340.

Kobel, H.R., Barundun, B. and Thiebaud, C.H. 1998. Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny in Xenopus. Herpetological Journal: 13-17.

Lamotte, M. 1967. Les batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institution Fondamental d'Afrique Noire: 218-294.

Lawson, D.P. 1993. The reptiles and amphibians of the Korup National Park Project, Cameroon. Herpetological Natural History: 27-90.

Loumont, C. 1983. Deux especes nouvelles de Xenopus du Cameroun (Amphibia, Pipidae). Rev. Suisse Zool.: 169-177.

Loumont, C. 1984. Current distribution of the genus Xenopus in Africa and future prospects. Rev. Suisse Zool.: 725-746.

Mertens, R. 1965. Die Amphibien von Fernando Poo. Bonner Zoologische Beiträege: 14-29.

Rödel, M.-O. 2000. Herpetofauna of the West Africa. Volume 1. Amphibians of the West African Savannas. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.

Rödel, M.-O. 2000. Les communautes d'amphibiens dans le Parc National de Tai, Cote d'Ivoire. Les anoures comme bio-indicateurs de l 'etat des habitats. Rapport de Centre Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, Abidjan: 108-113.

Rödel, M.-O. 2003. The amphibians of Mont Sangbé National Park, Ivory Coast. Salamandra: 91-110.

Rödel, M.-O. and Agyei, A.C. 2003. Amphibians of the Togo-Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra: 207-234.

Rödel, M.-O. and Bangoura, M.A. 2004. A conservation assessment of amphibians in the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Tropical Zoology: 201-232.

Rödel, M.-O. and Branch, W.R. 2002. Herpetological survey of the Haute Dodo and Cavally forests, western Ivory Coast, Part I: Amphibians. Salamandra: 245-268.

Rödel, M.-O. and Spieler, M. 2000. Trilingual keys to the Savannah-Anurans of the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie): 1-21.

Rödel, M.-O., Gil, M., Agyei, A.C., Leaché, A.D., Diaz, R.E., Fujita, M.K. and Ernst, R. 2005. The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra: 107-127.

Tymowska, J. and Fischberg, M. 1982. A comparison of the karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin, and nucleolar organizer regions of the new tetraploid species Xenopus epitropicalis Fischberg and Picard with those of Xenopus tropicalis Gray (Anura, Pipidae). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics: 149-157.

Vigny, C. 1979. The mating calls of 12 species and sub-species on the genus Xenopus (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Zoology: 103-122.

Citation:	Richard Tinsley, Mark-Oliver Rödel, John Measey 2004. Silurana tropicalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2012.
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