| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANIMALIA | CHORDATA | AMPHIBIA | ANURA | DENDROBATIDAE |
| Scientific Name: | Hyloxalus chocoensis |
| Species Authority: | Boulenger, 1912 |
| Synonym/s: |
Colostethus chocoensis (Boulenger, 1912)
|
| Taxonomic Notes: | According to Grant et al. (1997), the Ecuadorian populations are not conspecific with the Colombian and Panamanian populations. In this account, the Ecuadorian populations are treated under Hyloxalus chocoensis, pending final taxonomic resolution of this problem. |
| Red List Category & Criteria: | Data Deficient ver 3.1 |
| Year Assessed: | 2004 |
| Assessor/s: | Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Taran Grant, Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor |
| Reviewer/s: | Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox and Bruce Young) |
|
Justification: Listed as Data Deficient in view of continuing uncertainties as to its taxonomic status as well as absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence, status and ecological requirements. |
|
| Range Description: | This species apparently occurs in three separate areas: southern Panama; the lower Rio San Juan in Choco Department, Colombia, at low altitudes; and at 600-1,540m asl on the western slopes of the Andes in Carchi, Pichincha and Cotopaxi Provinces, Ecuador. |
| Countries: |
Native:
Colombia; Ecuador; Panama
|
| Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
| Population: | It is an extremely rare species, with only two specimens recorded from Colombia, and there have been no records from Ecuador since October 1985, despite extensive searching. This species is reasonably common in some localities in Panama. |
| Population Trend: |
Unknown
|
| Habitat and Ecology: | It is a diurnal, semi-aquatic species that occurs along rocky sections of streams in forest. In Colombia it is found in lowland humid tropical forest. In Ecuador it occurs in very humid premontane forest, and is apparently restricted to areas where mean annual precipitation is 2,000-4,000mm, and annual mean temperature is 18-24°C. This species has not been found in degraded areas. Eggs are deposited in leaf-litter and the larvae are transported to streams by the adults. |
| Systems: | Terrestrial; Freshwater |
| Major Threat(s): | The major threats to this species are: deforestation due to agricultural development, cultivation of illegal crops, logging, and human settlement; introduction of alien predatory fish in streams; and pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops. Chytridiomycosis cannot be ruled out as a cause of the observed population decline in Ecuador. |
| Conservation Actions: | In Ecuador, its geographic range overlaps with the Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas. It is not known from any protected areas in Colombia. In Panama it is known from Parque Nacional Chagres. A survey is urgently needed to relocate this species in Ecuador and Colombia, and, if necessary, an ex situ population should be established. |
| Citation: | Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Taran Grant, Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor 2004. Hyloxalus chocoensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 09 February 2012. |
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