Saguinus martinsi

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	CALLITRICHIDAE

Scientific Name:

Saguinus martinsi

Species Authority:

(Thomas, 1912)

Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:

See Saguinus martinsi ssp. martinsi

See Saguinus martinsi ssp. ochraceus

Common Name/s:

English	–	Martin'S/ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin, Martin’s Bare-face Tamarin
Spanish	–	Sagüi

Taxonomic Notes:

Hershkovitz (1977) considered Saguinus bicolor to have three subspecies: S. b. ochraceus and S. b. martinsi, besides the nominate form. Groves (2001, 2005) and Rylands et al. (2000) listed the forms ochraceus and martinsi, as subspecies of S. martinsi.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2008

Assessor/s:

Rylands, A.B., Mittermeier, R.A. & Subirá, R.

Reviewer/s:

Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority) & Hoffmann, M. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)

Justification:
Listed as Least Concern as much of the range of the species occurs in a relatively little disturbed area of the Brazilian Amazon, and there are currently no major threats to the species.

History:

2003

–

Least Concern (IUCN 2003)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	There are two recognized subspecies: According to Hershkovitz (1966), S. m. martinsi occurs between the Rio Nhamundá (left bank), east to the Rio Erepecurú, north of the Rio Amazonas. It would appear that the mouth of the Rio Trombetas marks the northern limit, but Ávila-Pires (1974) extends the distribution north-east to the upper Rio Erepecurú. The northernmost record is Cachoeira Porteira on the Rio Trombetas (Rylands et al. 1993). Saguinus m. ochraceus is believed to occur on the west bank of the Rio Nhamundá, possibly extending west to the Rio Uatumã, north of the Rio Amazonas (Hershkovitz 1966). The northern limit to its range mighty be the left bank of the Rio Alalaú (Rylands et al. 1993).
Countries:	Native: Brazil
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	There is no information available on the population density of this species.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This species occurs in lowland tropical primary and secondary forest with a dense understorey. Marmosets and tamarins are distinguished from the other monkeys of the New World by their small size, modified claws rather than nails on all digits except the big toe, the presence of two as opposed to three molar teeth in either side of each jaw, and by the occurrence of twin births. They eat fruits, flowers, nectar, plant exudates (gums, saps, latex) and animal prey (including frogs, snails, lizards, spiders and insects). Marmosets have morphological and behavioural adaptations for gouging trees trunks, branches and vines of certain species to stimulate the flow of gum, which they eat, and in some species form a notable component of the diet. The dentition of the tamarins (Saguinus and Leontopithecus) does not provide for gouging and they eat gums only when readily available. Tamarins live in extended family groups of between four and 15 individuals, but usually 2-8. Size: Tamarins are monomorphic - exhibiting only minor differences in body and canine size. Adult S. m. ochraceus: H&B 24.7 cm, TL 39.5 cm (Hershkovitz 1977) Adult S. m. martinsi: H&B 20.8 cm, TL 36.6 cm (Hershkovitz 1977).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

This species occurs in lowland tropical primary and secondary forest with a dense understorey.

Marmosets and tamarins are distinguished from the other monkeys of the New World by their small size, modified claws rather than nails on all digits except the big toe, the presence of two as opposed to three molar teeth in either side of each jaw, and by the occurrence of twin births. They eat fruits, flowers, nectar, plant exudates (gums, saps, latex) and animal prey (including frogs, snails, lizards, spiders and insects). Marmosets have morphological and behavioural adaptations for gouging trees trunks, branches and vines of certain species to stimulate the flow of gum, which they eat, and in some species form a notable component of the diet. The dentition of the tamarins (Saguinus and Leontopithecus) does not provide for gouging and they eat gums only when readily available. Tamarins live in extended family groups of between four and 15 individuals, but usually 2-8.

Size:
Tamarins are monomorphic - exhibiting only minor differences in body and canine size.
Adult S. m. ochraceus: H&B 24.7 cm, TL 39.5 cm (Hershkovitz 1977)
Adult S. m. martinsi: H&B 20.8 cm, TL 36.6 cm (Hershkovitz 1977).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	This species is probably not under any immediate threat. However, there is bauxite mining in the lower Trombetas region which is causing localized forest loss and degradation.

Major Threat(s):

This species is probably not under any immediate threat. However, there is bauxite mining in the lower Trombetas region which is causing localized forest loss and degradation.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Listed on CITES Appendix I and on the US Endangered Species List. Saguinus m. martinsi may occur in the Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve (385,000 ha). Oliveira et al. (2004) recorded it in the Saracá-Taquera National Forest (429,600 ha) on the right (west) bank of the Rio Trombetas. Saguinus m. ochraceus probably occurs in the Nhamundá State Park (28,370 ha) and the Nhamundá State Environment Protection Area (195,900 ha), Amazonas. There are no captive-breeding programmes for either subspecies.

Conservation Actions:

Listed on CITES Appendix I and on the US Endangered Species List.

Saguinus m. martinsi may occur in the Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve (385,000 ha). Oliveira et al. (2004) recorded it in the Saracá-Taquera National Forest (429,600 ha) on the right (west) bank of the Rio Trombetas.
Saguinus m. ochraceus probably occurs in the Nhamundá State Park (28,370 ha) and the Nhamundá State Environment Protection Area (195,900 ha), Amazonas.

There are no captive-breeding programmes for either subspecies.

Bibliography [top]

	Ayres, J. M. R., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1980. A distribuição geográfica e situação atual dos sagúis-de-cara-nua (Saguinus bicolor). Bol. FBCN, Rio de Janeiro 16: 62-68. Ayres, J. M. R., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1982. Brazilian tamarins on the way to exinction? Oryx 16(4): 329-333. Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1984. Situação atual dos calitriquídeos que ocorrem no Brasil (Callitrichidae-Primates). In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil,, pp. 15-33. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil. De Ávila-Pires, F. D. 1974. Caracterização zoogeográfica da Provincia Amazônica. II. Família Callitrichidae e a zoogeografía amazônica. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 46(1): 159-181. Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA. Groves, C. P. 2005. Order Primates. In: D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World, pp. 111-184. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Hershkovitz, P. 1966. Taxonomic notes on tamarins, genus Saguinus (Callithricidae, Primates) with descriptions of four new forms. Folia Primatologica 4: 381–395. Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini), with an introduction to Primates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. Oliveira, L. de C., Mendel, S. M., Sousa e Silva Jr., J. and Fernandez, G. W. 2004. New records of Martin’s bare-face tamarin, Saguinus martinsi (Primates: Callitrichidae). Neotropical Primates 12(1): 9-12. Rylands, A. B., Coimbra-Filho, A. F. and Mittermeier, R. A. 1993. Systematics, distributions, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae. In: A. B. Rylands (ed.), Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour and Ecology, pp. 11-77. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Rylands, A. B., Schneider, H., Langguth, A., Mittermeier, R. A., Groves, C. P. and Rodríguez-Luna, E. 2000. An assessment of the diversity of New World primates. Neotropical Primates 8(2): 61-93.

Ayres, J. M. R., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1980. A distribuição geográfica e situação atual dos sagúis-de-cara-nua (Saguinus bicolor). Bol. FBCN, Rio de Janeiro 16: 62-68.

Ayres, J. M. R., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1982. Brazilian tamarins on the way to exinction? Oryx 16(4): 329-333.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1984. Situação atual dos calitriquídeos que ocorrem no Brasil (Callitrichidae-Primates). In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil,, pp. 15-33. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil.

De Ávila-Pires, F. D. 1974. Caracterização zoogeográfica da Provincia Amazônica. II. Família Callitrichidae e a zoogeografía amazônica. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 46(1): 159-181.

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Groves, C. P. 2005. Order Primates. In: D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World, pp. 111-184. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Hershkovitz, P. 1966. Taxonomic notes on tamarins, genus Saguinus (Callithricidae, Primates) with descriptions of four new forms. Folia Primatologica 4: 381–395.

Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini), with an introduction to Primates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.

Oliveira, L. de C., Mendel, S. M., Sousa e Silva Jr., J. and Fernandez, G. W. 2004. New records of Martin’s bare-face tamarin, Saguinus martinsi (Primates: Callitrichidae). Neotropical Primates 12(1): 9-12.

Rylands, A. B., Coimbra-Filho, A. F. and Mittermeier, R. A. 1993. Systematics, distributions, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae. In: A. B. Rylands (ed.), Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour and Ecology, pp. 11-77. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Rylands, A. B., Schneider, H., Langguth, A., Mittermeier, R. A., Groves, C. P. and Rodríguez-Luna, E. 2000. An assessment of the diversity of New World primates. Neotropical Primates 8(2): 61-93.

Citation:	Rylands, A.B., Mittermeier, R.A. & Subirá, R. 2008. Saguinus martinsi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2012.
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