Callicebus lucifer

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	PITHECIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Callicebus lucifer

Species Authority:

Thomas, 1914

Common Name/s:

English	–	Widow Monkey, Yellow-handed Titi Monkey
Spanish	–	Conticillo Negro O De Manos Amarillos, Viudita

Synonym/s:

Callicebus torquatus ssp. lucifer Thomas, 1914

Taxonomic Notes:

Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups – cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. According to van Roosmalen et al. (2002), the C. torquatus group contains C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. purinus, C. regulus and C. medemi. Heymann et al. (2002) question the validity of using orange hands as a diagnostic character for this species.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

Veiga, L.M., de la Torre, S. & Cornejo, F.

Reviewer/s:

Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:
This species is listed as Least Concern due to its relatively large range in a remote part of the Amazon, occurrence in protected areas, and because there is no evidence of a decline that would warrant listing in a threatened category.

History:

2003	–	Least Concern (IUCN 2003)
2000	–	Lower Risk/least concern
1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern
1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern
1994	–	Vulnerable (Groombridge 1994)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Occurs in Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru. Present in the interfluve between the Rio Solimões and Río Napo in the south, and the Rio Japurá and Río Caquetá in the north; in Brazil between the Rios Solimões and Japurá; in Colombia between the Ríos Caquetá below mouth of Río Caguán, and Rios Putumayo and Amazonas in the departments of Caquetá, Putumayo and Amazonas; in Ecuador between the upper Ríos Aguarico and Putumayo, Napo province (van Roosmalen et al. 2002); and in Peru in northern Loreto, north of the Río Amazonas between the Ríos Putumayo and Napo, but does not occur between the Riós Napo and Nanay as suggested by van Roosmalen and colleagues (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.). The titi monkey found south of the lower Río Nanay (Heymann et al. 2002), between the right bank of the riós Nanay and lef bank of the lower Ríos Tigre and Pucacuro, may represent a new taxon (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.). Martinez and Rowe (2003) confirmed that it is Callicebus lucifer that occurs in Ecuador and not C. medemi as suggested by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).
Countries:	Native: Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	This species has been recorded at population densities estimated between 2.5 and 2.8 individuals/km² in Peru (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.)
Population Trend:	Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Studies on habitat preferences and home range undertaken in Ecuador (Campos 1991; Campos et al. 1992; de la Torre et al. 1995) suggest that C. lucifer exhibits a preference for non-flooded terra firme forest in north-eastern Ecuador and it has been suggested that in Peru, this species may be restricted to "varillales", forests on white-sand or sandy-clay soils (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.). Group size in this species varies from 2-5 individuals (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.)
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Studies on habitat preferences and home range undertaken in Ecuador (Campos 1991; Campos et al. 1992; de la Torre et al. 1995) suggest that C. lucifer exhibits a preference for non-flooded terra firme forest in north-eastern Ecuador and it has been suggested that in Peru, this species may be restricted to "varillales", forests on white-sand or sandy-clay soils (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.).

Group size in this species varies from 2-5 individuals (E. W. Heymann pers. comm.)

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Occurs in a remote part of the Amazon, and there currently are no known major threats to this species.

Major Threat(s):

Occurs in a remote part of the Amazon, and there currently are no known major threats to this species.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Occurs in the Cuyabeno Reserve in Northeastern Ecuador (De la Torre et al. 1995). It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Conservation Actions:

Occurs in the Cuyabeno Reserve in Northeastern Ecuador (De la Torre et al. 1995). It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Bibliography [top]

	Aquino, R. and Encarnación, F. 1994. Primates of Peru / Los Primates del Perú. Primate Report 40: 1-127. Defler, T. R. 1994. La conservación de primates en Colombia. Trianea 5: 255-287. Eisenberg, J. F. 1989. Mammals of the Neotropics. The Northern Neotropics. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA and London, UK. Eisenberg, J. F. and Redford, K. H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics: The Central Neotropics. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA. Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272. Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109. Heymann, E. W., Encarnacion, C. F. and Soini, P. 2002. On the diagnostic characters and geographic distribution of the "yellow-handed" titi monkey, Callicebus lucifer, in Peru. Neotropical Primates 10(13): 124-126. Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120. Kobayashi, S and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkeys, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(2): 531-551. Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Torre, S., de la, Utreras, V. and Campos, F. 1995. An overview of primatological studies in Ecuador: Primates of the Cuyabeno Reserve. Neotropical Primates 3(4): 169-170. Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Aquino, R. and Encarnación, F. 1994. Primates of Peru / Los Primates del Perú. Primate Report 40: 1-127.

Defler, T. R. 1994. La conservación de primates en Colombia. Trianea 5: 255-287.

Eisenberg, J. F. 1989. Mammals of the Neotropics. The Northern Neotropics. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA and London, UK.

Eisenberg, J. F. and Redford, K. H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics: The Central Neotropics. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272.

Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109.

Heymann, E. W., Encarnacion, C. F. and Soini, P. 2002. On the diagnostic characters and geographic distribution of the "yellow-handed" titi monkey, Callicebus lucifer, in Peru. Neotropical Primates 10(13): 124-126.

Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120.

Kobayashi, S and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkeys, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(2): 531-551.

Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

Torre, S., de la, Utreras, V. and Campos, F. 1995. An overview of primatological studies in Ecuador: Primates of the Cuyabeno Reserve. Neotropical Primates 3(4): 169-170.

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Citation:	Veiga, L.M., de la Torre, S. & Cornejo, F. 2008. Callicebus lucifer. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2012.
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