Callicebus cupreus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	PITHECIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Callicebus cupreus

Species Authority:

(Spix, 1823)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Coppery Titi Monkey, Red Titi Monkey

Taxonomic Notes:

Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups – cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. According to van Roosmalen et al. (2002), the cupreus group contains the species C. caligatus, C. cupreus, C. discolor, C. dubius, C. ornatus, and C. stephennashi.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

Veiga, L.M.

Reviewer/s:

Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:
This species is listed as Least Concern due to its relatively large range in a pristine region of the Amazon, and because there are no known major threats believed to be resulting in a decline sufficient to qualify it for listing in a threatened category.

History:

2003	–	Least Concern (IUCN 2003)
1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Callicebus cupreus occurs south of the Río Marañon/Rio Solimões, as far as the east bank of the Río Ucayali, in Loreto and northern Ucayali, Peru. To the south it ranges into Acre as far as the headwaters of the Rios Juruá and Purús in Brazil, and north-east as far as the lower and middle Rio Juruá and extending into the Rios Juruá/Purús interfluve south and maybe also north of the RioTapauá, a left bank tributary of the Rio Purús. East it ranges as far as the left bank of the Rio Purús (Hershkovitz 1990; Van Roosmalen et al. 2002). van Roosmalen and colleagues (2002) suggest that C. cupreus and C. moloch groups are ecologically similar and therefore allopatric, but members of these groups are sympatric with species from the torquatus group.
Countries:	Native: Brazil; Peru
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Recorded at densities of 0.3 individuals/km² in terra firme forests at Lago Uauaçú.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) are known to occur in a wide range of habitats, although some species exhibit habitat preferences, for example C. lucifer is reported to prefer white-sand forests (E. Heymann pers. comm. 2008), and C. donacophilus drier forests (Ferrari et al. 2000; R. Wallace pers. comm.). Members of the C. moloch and C. cupreus groups are considered tolerant of habitat disturbance caused by human activity or seasonal flooding (van Roosmalen et al. 2002). Callicebus cupreus, in particular, prefers secondary or disturbance-dependent habitats (Peres 1993; Rylands 1987). Also recorded at low densities in terra firme tropical rainforest at Lago Uauaçú, but unlike sympatric C. purinus, was not registered in the flooded forests (Varzeá or Igapó) present in this region (Haugaasen and Peres 2005) at Lago Uauaçú. The diet of titis comprises mainly fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds. They form small, pair-bonded, territorial groups and are considered monogamous. They have small home (1.5-30 km) and day ranges (0.5-1.5 km).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) are known to occur in a wide range of habitats, although some species exhibit habitat preferences, for example C. lucifer is reported to prefer white-sand forests (E. Heymann pers. comm. 2008), and C. donacophilus drier forests (Ferrari et al. 2000; R. Wallace pers. comm.). Members of the C. moloch and C. cupreus groups are considered tolerant of habitat disturbance caused by human activity or seasonal flooding (van Roosmalen et al. 2002). Callicebus cupreus, in particular, prefers secondary or disturbance-dependent habitats (Peres 1993; Rylands 1987). Also recorded at low densities in terra firme tropical rainforest at Lago Uauaçú, but unlike sympatric C. purinus, was not registered in the flooded forests (Varzeá or Igapó) present in this region (Haugaasen and Peres 2005) at Lago Uauaçú.

The diet of titis comprises mainly fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds. They form small, pair-bonded, territorial groups and are considered monogamous. They have small home (1.5-30 km) and day ranges (0.5-1.5 km).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	This species occurs in a remote isolated region, and is not considered to be under any immediate threat.

Major Threat(s):

This species occurs in a remote isolated region, and is not considered to be under any immediate threat.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	The following Amerindian Reserves are within this species’ range: Rio Biá, Kulina do Médio Juruá, Kanamari do Rio Juruá, Deni and the Vale do Javari. It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Conservation Actions:

The following Amerindian Reserves are within this species’ range: Rio Biá, Kulina do Médio Juruá, Kanamari do Rio Juruá, Deni and the Vale do Javari. It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Bibliography [top]

	Aquino, R. and Encarnación, F. 1994. Primates of Peru / Los Primates del Perú. Primate Report 40: 1-127. Ferrari S. F., Iwanaga S, Messias, M. R., Ramos E. M., Ramos, P. C. S., da Cruz Neto, E. H. and Coutinho, P. E. G. 2000. Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Atelidae: Platyrrhini) in Brazilian state of Rondonia. Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA. Haugaasen, T. and Peres C. A. 2005. Primate assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests. American Journal of Primatology 67(2): 243-258. Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272. Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109. Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120. Kobayashi, S and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkeys, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(2): 531-551. Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Peres, C. A. 1993. Structure and spatial organization of an Amazonian terra firme forest primate community. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9: 259–276. Rylands, A. B. 1987. Primate communities in Amazonian forests–their habitats and food resources. Experientia 43: 265–279. Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Aquino, R. and Encarnación, F. 1994. Primates of Peru / Los Primates del Perú. Primate Report 40: 1-127.

Ferrari S. F., Iwanaga S, Messias, M. R., Ramos E. M., Ramos, P. C. S., da Cruz Neto, E. H. and Coutinho, P. E. G. 2000. Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Atelidae: Platyrrhini) in Brazilian state of Rondonia.

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Haugaasen, T. and Peres C. A. 2005. Primate assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests. American Journal of Primatology 67(2): 243-258.

Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272.

Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109.

Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120.

Kobayashi, S and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkeys, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(2): 531-551.

Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

Peres, C. A. 1993. Structure and spatial organization of an Amazonian terra firme forest primate community. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9: 259–276.

Rylands, A. B. 1987. Primate communities in Amazonian forests–their habitats and food resources. Experientia 43: 265–279.

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Citation:	Veiga, L.M. 2008. Callicebus cupreus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2012.
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