Callicebus pallescens

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	PITHECIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Callicebus pallescens

Species Authority:

Thomas, 1907

Common Name/s:

English	–	Chacoan Titi Monkey, Titi Monkey, White-coated Titi
Spanish	–	Ka'I Ygau (guarani), Mono Tití, Sahuí, Zogue-zogue

Taxonomic Notes:

This taxon was upgraded from subspecies status by van Roosmalen et al. (2002). Five titi species groups (cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus) are currently recognized (Kobayashi and Langguth 1999; van Roosmalen et al. 2002). Callicebus pallescens belongs to the donacophilus group which according to van Roosmalen et al. (2002), also includes: Callicebus donacophilus, Callicebus modestus, Callicebus oenanthe and Callicebus ollalae.

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Velilla, M.

Reviewer/s:

Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:
Listed as Least Concern as there appear to be no major threats to this species, with a large portion of its known range within protected areas in Bolivia and Paraguay.

History:

2003	–	Least Concern (IUCN 2003)
1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	A relatively wide ranging species, found in the Chaco ecosystem of southern Bolivia, the Gran Chaco of Paraguay south from the border with Bolivia to approximately 23ºS and west from the Rio Paraguay to approximately 61º30'W, and in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Hershkovitz 1990). However, there are few confirmed localities; for example, in a recent effort to map all known localities for primates in Bolivia only three localities were available for C. pallescens compared with more than 15 points for all other Callicebus species (Wallace and Mercado 2007).
Countries:	Native: Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Ayala (in prep.) estimated relatively high densities for C. pallescens within different habitat types in the Kaa-Iya National Park in Bolivia (ca. 13.6-30 individuals/km²). Little is known about its population status in Paraguay and Brazil.
Population Trend:	Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Within the Chaco, this taxon may be more abundant in more humid forest types, particularly riverine forests (G. Ayala in prep.). Current information suggests C. pallescens is restricted to the Chaco and Pantanal, although field surveys are required to establish whether this taxon stretches into the neighbouring southern portions of the Chiquitano dry forest in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Within Paraguay, in the north it is found in continuous xeric forest in the north, and swampland, gallery, and palm savanna with forest patches in the south (Stallings 1985). Titis are small primates, weighing from 800 to 1,300 g (Norconk 2007). The diet comprises mainly fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds. They form small, pair-bonded, territorial groups and are considered monogamous. They have small home (1.5-30 km) and day ranges (0.5-1.5 km). A field study on the behaviour and ecology of this species is underway in Kaa-Iya National Park (D. Rumiz pers. comm.).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Within the Chaco, this taxon may be more abundant in more humid forest types, particularly riverine forests (G. Ayala in prep.). Current information suggests C. pallescens is restricted to the Chaco and Pantanal, although field surveys are required to establish whether this taxon stretches into the neighbouring southern portions of the Chiquitano dry forest in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Within Paraguay, in the north it is found in continuous xeric forest in the north, and swampland, gallery, and palm savanna with forest patches in the south (Stallings 1985).

Titis are small primates, weighing from 800 to 1,300 g (Norconk 2007). The diet comprises mainly fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds. They form small, pair-bonded, territorial groups and are considered monogamous. They have small home (1.5-30 km) and day ranges (0.5-1.5 km). A field study on the behaviour and ecology of this species is underway in Kaa-Iya National Park (D. Rumiz pers. comm.).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There are no known major threats at present, although the species is occasionally hunted by Izoceno indigenous communities in Kaa-Iya (G. Ayala, in prep.).

Major Threat(s):

There are no known major threats at present, although the species is occasionally hunted by Izoceno indigenous communities in Kaa-Iya (G. Ayala, in prep.).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	A large portion of the current hypothesized distribution of this species in Bolivia is found within the Kaa-Iya and San Matias and Otuquis National Parks. In Paraguay, this taxon is protected within three National Parks: Rio Negro, Chovoreca and Defensores del Chaco; it also occurs in the Fortin Patria Private Reserve and Paraguayan Pantanal Reserve, covering a total area of approximately 1,020,604 ha. However, it remains largely unprotected in the south of its range in the Humid Chaco, where there are virtually no Reserves. It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Conservation Actions:

A large portion of the current hypothesized distribution of this species in Bolivia is found within the Kaa-Iya and San Matias and Otuquis National Parks. In Paraguay, this taxon is protected within three National Parks: Rio Negro, Chovoreca and Defensores del Chaco; it also occurs in the Fortin Patria Private Reserve and Paraguayan Pantanal Reserve, covering a total area of approximately 1,020,604 ha. However, it remains largely unprotected in the south of its range in the Humid Chaco, where there are virtually no Reserves.
It is listed on CITES Appendix II.

Bibliography [top]

	Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia: Taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1–652. Ayala. In prep.. Estudio de la comunidad de primates en el Alto y Bajo Isoso (Gran Chaco), Santa Cruz-Bolivia. Masters Thesis, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Brown, A. D. and Rumiz, D. I. 1986. Distribucion de los primates en Bolivia. In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil, pp. 335-363. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil. Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA. Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272. Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109. Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120. Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. Salazar-Bravo, J. A., Tarifa, T., Aguirre, L. F., Yensen, E. and Yates, T. L. 2003. Revised Checklist of Bolivian Mammals. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 220: 1-28. Stallings, J. R. 1985. Distribution and status of primates in Paraguay. Primate Conservation 6: 51-57. Tarifa, T. 1996. Mamiferos. In: P. Ergueta and C. de Morales (eds), Libro rojo de los vertebrados de Bolivia, pp. 165-262. Centro de Datos para la conservacion-Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia. Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia: Taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1–652.

Ayala. In prep.. Estudio de la comunidad de primates en el Alto y Bajo Isoso (Gran Chaco), Santa Cruz-Bolivia. Masters Thesis, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés.

Brown, A. D. and Rumiz, D. I. 1986. Distribucion de los primates en Bolivia. In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil, pp. 335-363. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil.

Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140(1): 240-272.

Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109.

Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120.

Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

Salazar-Bravo, J. A., Tarifa, T., Aguirre, L. F., Yensen, E. and Yates, T. L. 2003. Revised Checklist of Bolivian Mammals. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 220: 1-28.

Stallings, J. R. 1985. Distribution and status of primates in Paraguay. Primate Conservation 6: 51-57.

Tarifa, T. 1996. Mamiferos. In: P. Ergueta and C. de Morales (eds), Libro rojo de los vertebrados de Bolivia, pp. 165-262. Centro de Datos para la conservacion-Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.

Citation:	Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Velilla, M. 2008. Callicebus pallescens. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2012.
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