Callithrix geoffroyi

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	PRIMATES	CALLITRICHIDAE

Scientific Name:

Callithrix geoffroyi

Species Authority:

(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Geoffroy’s Tufted-ear Marmoset, Geoffroy's Marmoset, Geoffroy's Tufted-ear Marmoset, White-faced Marmoset, White-fronted Marmoset
Spanish	–	Tití De Caba Blanca

Taxonomic Notes:

In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the “jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All are now considered to be full species (see Coimbra-Filho 1984, Mittermeier et al. 1988, Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al.. 2006).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2008

Assessor/s:

Rylands, A.B. & Mendes, S.L.

Reviewer/s:

Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification:
This species is considered to be Least Concern as it is relatively abundant, being present in a number of protected areas, and because the current rate of decline is not sufficient to qualify it for listing in a threatened category.

History:

2000	–	Vulnerable
1996	–	Vulnerable (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
1994	–	Vulnerable (Groombridge 1994)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Geoffroy’s Marmoset occurs in the state of Espírito Santo and the forested eastern and north-eastern part of Minas Gerais, north as far as the Rios Jequitinhonha and Araçuaí and south to near the state border of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (Ávila-Pires 1969; Hershkovitz 1977; Coimbra-Filho 1984; Rylands et al. 1988). The populations just south of the Rio Jequitinhonha resulted from animals released near its mouth, at Belmonte, around 1975 (Coimbra-Filho 1986c). From there it spread eastward, and today also occurs in gallery forests throughout the region of dry thorn scrub (caatinga) of the middle reaches of the river (Rylands et al. 1988). Vivo (1991) limits it to the east of the Serra do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais. It has been recorded from the eastern slopes of Serra do Cipó, a southerly section of the Serra do Espinhaço range, at an altitude of 1,274 m (Oliveira et al. 2003). Hybrid populations of C. penicillata and C. geoffroyi have been observed in some parts of the Serra da Piedade along the Rio Piracicaba, affluent of the upper Rio Doce, where the Atlantic coastal forest gives way to the cerrado (Coimbra-Filho et al. 1993; Passamani et al. 1997). The range of C. geoffroyi overlaps with C. flaviceps (see below) in southern Espírito Santo (south of the Rio Doce) and south-eastern Minas Gerais. However, C. geoffroyi is generally restricted to lowland areas, below 500–700 m, and C. flaviceps to altitudes above 400–500 m (Coimbra-Filho 1971; Coimbra-Filho et al. 1981). Hershkovitz (1977) asserted that the highest recorded locality for C. geoffroyi is Santa Teresa, 659 m above sea level, but Mendes (1993, 1997a) has observed mixed bands of C. geoffroyi and C. flaviceps at altitudes of 800 m. Hybrid populations have been recorded for intermediate elevations (Mendes 1993, 1997a).
Countries:	Native: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina - Introduced)
Range Map:	(click map to view full version)

Population [top]

Population:	Chiarello (1995) recorded a density of 10.5 groups/km² and a total population of about 1,644 individuals in the Linhares Forest Reserve (21,800 ha) of the Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, in northern Espírito Santo, Brazil. Subsequently, Chiarello (1999) surveyed Callithrix geoffroyi in a number of areas in the state of Espírito Santo. In the Sooretama Biological Reserve (24,250 ha) he recorded encounter rates of 1.81 groups/10 km, and in the Linhares Forest Reserve, 2.16 groups/10 km. Densities were lower in the smaller forests of the Córrego do Veado Biological reserve (2,400 ha) and Córrego Grande Biological Reserve (1,504 ha), at 1.05 groups/10 km and 0.15 groups/10 km, respectively.
Population Trend:	Stable

Population:

Chiarello (1995) recorded a density of 10.5 groups/km² and a total population of about 1,644 individuals in the Linhares Forest Reserve (21,800 ha) of the Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, in northern Espírito Santo, Brazil. Subsequently, Chiarello (1999) surveyed Callithrix geoffroyi in a number of areas in the state of Espírito Santo. In the Sooretama Biological Reserve (24,250 ha) he recorded encounter rates of 1.81 groups/10 km, and in the Linhares Forest Reserve, 2.16 groups/10 km. Densities were lower in the smaller forests of the Córrego do Veado Biological reserve (2,400 ha) and Córrego Grande Biological Reserve (1,504 ha), at 1.05 groups/10 km and 0.15 groups/10 km, respectively.

Population Trend:

Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Occurs in lowland and sub-montane forest, and dry forest patches in desert scrub (the north of its range in the Jequitinonha valley) (Rylands et al. 1988; Passamani 1996). Marmosets and tamarins are distinguished from the other monkeys of the New World by their small size, modified claws rather than nails on all digits except the big toe, the presence of two as opposed to three molar teeth in either side of each jaw, and by the occurrence of twin births. They eat fruits, flowers, nectar, plant exudates (gums, saps, latex) and animal prey (including frogs, snails, lizards, spiders and insects). Marmosets have morphological and behavioural adaptations for gouging trees trunks, branches and vines of certain species to stimulate the flow of gum, which they eat, and in some species form a notable component of the diet (Coimbra-Filho 1972; Rylands 1984). They live in extended family groups of between four and 15 individuals. Generally, only one female per group breeds during a particular breeding season. The groups defend home ranges 10-40 ha, the size depending on availability and distribution of foods and second-growth patches. Passamani and Rylands (2000b) recorded a home range of 23.3 ha, in a forest fragment of 119 ha surrounded by a Eucalyptus plantation, in the state of Espírito Santo. Passamani (1996, 1998; Passamani and Rylands 2000a,b) studied the behaviour and ecology of a group of five C. geoffroyi in a forest fragment amongst Eucalyptus plantations of Aracruz Cellulose Cia., in Espirito Santo. Size: Males 359 g (n=46) (Rosenberger 1992).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Occurs in lowland and sub-montane forest, and dry forest patches in desert scrub (the north of its range in the Jequitinonha valley) (Rylands et al. 1988; Passamani 1996).

Marmosets and tamarins are distinguished from the other monkeys of the New World by their small size, modified claws rather than nails on all digits except the big toe, the presence of two as opposed to three molar teeth in either side of each jaw, and by the occurrence of twin births. They eat fruits, flowers, nectar, plant exudates (gums, saps, latex) and animal prey (including frogs, snails, lizards, spiders and insects). Marmosets have morphological and behavioural adaptations for gouging trees trunks, branches and vines of certain species to stimulate the flow of gum, which they eat, and in some species form a notable component of the diet (Coimbra-Filho 1972; Rylands 1984). They live in extended family groups of between four and 15 individuals. Generally, only one female per group breeds during a particular breeding season. The groups defend home ranges 10-40 ha, the size depending on availability and distribution of foods and second-growth patches. Passamani and Rylands (2000b) recorded a home range of 23.3 ha, in a forest fragment of 119 ha surrounded by a Eucalyptus plantation, in the state of Espírito Santo.

Passamani (1996, 1998; Passamani and Rylands 2000a,b) studied the behaviour and ecology of a group of five C. geoffroyi in a forest fragment amongst Eucalyptus plantations of Aracruz Cellulose Cia., in Espirito Santo.

Size:
Males 359 g (n=46) (Rosenberger 1992).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Although considered an adaptable species, populations are declining because of widespread destruction of the Atlantic forest in the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. Less than 6.8% of the original area of Atlantic forest remains in the state of Minas Gerais (Fonseca 1985). Mittermeier et al. (1982) and Coimbra-Filho (1986c) recommended that this species be considered endangered, but Oliver and Santos (1991) found that although it was patchily distributed, it remained locally abundant, and concluded that the species is not seriously threatened at the present time. It is occasionally hunted for pets.

Major Threat(s):

Although considered an adaptable species, populations are declining because of widespread destruction of the Atlantic forest in the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. Less than 6.8% of the original area of Atlantic forest remains in the state of Minas Gerais (Fonseca 1985). Mittermeier et al. (1982) and Coimbra-Filho (1986c) recommended that this species be considered endangered, but Oliver and Santos (1991) found that although it was patchily distributed, it remained locally abundant, and concluded that the species is not seriously threatened at the present time. It is occasionally hunted for pets.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	This species occurs in a number of protected areas: Minas Gerais Serra do Cipo National Park (33,800 ha), Minas Gerais (Oliveira et al. 2003) Fazenda Córrego de Areia Reserve (60 ha) (privately owned) Espirito Santo Córrego Grande Biological Reserve (1,504 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999) Córrego do Veado Biological Reserve (2,392 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999) Sooretama Biological Reserve (27,943 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999) Comboios Biological Reserve (833 ha) (Mendes 1991) Duas Bocas State Reserve (2,910 ha) (Mendes 1991) Linhares Forest Reserve (21,787 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999)) Goitacazes Forest Reserve (1,400 ha) (Mendes 1991) Santa Lucia Biological Station (350 ha) (Mendes 1991) Fazenda São Joaquim Reserve (Klabin Reserve) (1,505 ha)(Mendes 1991) Its occurrence in the Monte Pascoal National Park is in some doubt, and Oliver and Santos (1991) reported that C. jacchus had possibly been introduced there. Bahia Porto Seguro Forest Reserve (6,069 ha) Pau Brasil Experimental Station (900 ha) Gregório Bondar Experimental Station (710 ha) This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Conservation Actions:

This species occurs in a number of protected areas:

Minas Gerais
Serra do Cipo National Park (33,800 ha), Minas Gerais (Oliveira et al. 2003)
Fazenda Córrego de Areia Reserve (60 ha) (privately owned)

Espirito Santo
Córrego Grande Biological Reserve (1,504 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999)
Córrego do Veado Biological Reserve (2,392 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999)
Sooretama Biological Reserve (27,943 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999)
Comboios Biological Reserve (833 ha) (Mendes 1991)
Duas Bocas State Reserve (2,910 ha) (Mendes 1991)
Linhares Forest Reserve (21,787 ha) (Mendes 1991; Chiarello 1999))
Goitacazes Forest Reserve (1,400 ha) (Mendes 1991)
Santa Lucia Biological Station (350 ha) (Mendes 1991)
Fazenda São Joaquim Reserve (Klabin Reserve) (1,505 ha)(Mendes 1991)
Its occurrence in the Monte Pascoal National Park is in some doubt, and Oliver and Santos (1991) reported that C. jacchus had possibly been introduced there.

Bahia
Porto Seguro Forest Reserve (6,069 ha)
Pau Brasil Experimental Station (900 ha)
Gregório Bondar Experimental Station (710 ha)

This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Bibliography [top]

	Ávila-Pires, F. D. 1969. Taxonomia e zoogeografia do gênero Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Callitrichidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 29(1): 46. Brazil and Convênio SOS Mata Atlântica-INPE. Undated. Mata Atlântica, Estado do Espírito Santo. Evolução dos Remanescentes Florestais da Mata Atlântica. Período: 1985/1990. Map. Scale 1:1,000,000. SOS Mata Atlântica. São Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPA), São José dos Campos, Brazil. Chiarello, A. G. 1995. Density and habitat use of primates at an Atlantic forest reserve of southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55(1): 105-110. Chiarello, A. G. 1999. Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 89: 71-82. Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1971. Os sagüis do gênero Callithrix da região oriental brasileira e um caso de duplo-hibridismo entre três de suas formas (Callithricidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 31: 377-388. Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1972. Aspectos inéditos do comportamento de sagüis do gênero Callithrix (Callithricidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 32: 505–512. Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1984. Situação atual dos calitriquídeos que ocorrem no Brasil (Callitrichidae-Primates). In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil,, pp. 15-33. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil. Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1986. Sagüi-de-cara-branca Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812). FBCN/Inf., Rio de Janeiro. Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1981. Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903) recorded from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Callitrichidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 41(1): 141-147. Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Mendes, S. L., Kierulff, M. C. M. and Pinto, L. P. de S. 2006. The taxonomic status of Wied’s black-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii (Callitrichidae, Primates). Primate Conservation 21: 1–24. Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Pissinatti, A. and Rylands, A. B. 1993. Experimental multiple hybridism among Callithrix species from eastern Brazil. In: A. B. Rylands (ed.), Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Ecology, and Behaviour, pp. 95-120. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Cullen Jr., L., Schmink, M., Valladares-Padua, C. and Morato, M. I. R. 2001. Agroforestry benefit zones: A tool for the conservation and management of Atlantic forest fragments, São Paulo, Brazil. Natural Areas Journal 21: 346-356. da Fonseca, G. A. B. 1985. The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation 34: 17-34. de Vivo, M. 1991. Taxonomia de Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates). Fundacao Biodiversitas para Conservacao da Diversidade Biologica, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini), with an introduction to Primates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. Marroig, G., Cropp, S. and Cheverud, J. M. 2004. Systematics and evolution of the jacchus group of marmosets (Platyrrhini). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123: 11-22. Mendes, S. L. 1991. Situação atual dos primatas em reservas florestais do estado do Espírito Santo. In: A. B. Rylands and A. T. Bernardes (eds), A Primatologia no Brasil – 3, pp. 347-356. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte. Mendes, S. L. 1993. Distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação de Callithrix flaviceps (Primates: Callitrichidae). In: M. E. Yamamoto and M. B. C. de Sousa (eds), A Primatologia no Brasil – 4, pp. 139-154. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Natal. Mendes, S. L. 1997. Hybridization in free-ranging Callithrix flaviceps and the taxonomy of the Atlantic forest marmosets. Neotropical Primates 5(1): 6-8. Mittermeier, R. A., Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Constable, I. D., Rylands, A. B. and Valle, C. M. C. 1982. Conservation of primates in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. International Zoo Yearbook 22: 2–17. Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B. and Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1988. Systematics: species and subspecies - an update. In: R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, A. F. Coimbra-Filho and G. A. B. da Fonseca (eds), Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates, pp. 13-75. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA. Oliveira, L. de C., Câmara, E. M. V. C., Hirsch, A., Paschoal, A. M. O., Alvarenga, R. M. and Belarmino, M. G. 2003. Callithrix geoffroyi (Primates Callitrichidae) and Alouatta caraya (Primates: Atelidae) in the Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 11(2): 86-89. Oliver, W. L. R. and Santos, I. B. 1991. Threatened endemic mammals of the Atlantic forest region of south-east Brazil. Wildlife Preservation Trust, Special Scientific Report 4: 1-125. Passamani, M. 1996. Ecologia e comportamento de um grupo de sagüi-da-cara-branca (Callithrix geoffroyi) em um fragmento de mata atlântica no Espírito Santo. M.Sc. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Passamani, M. 1998. Activity budget of Geoffroy’s marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi) in an Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil. American Journal of Primatology 46: 333-340. Passamani, M., Aguiar, L. M. S., Machado, R. B. and Figueiredo, E. 1997. Hybridization between Callithrix geoffroyi and C. penicillata in southeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 5(1): 9-10. Passamani, M. and Rylands, A. B. 2000. Feeding behavior of Geoffroy’s marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi) in an Atlantic forest fragment of south-eastern Brazil. Primates 41(1): 29–40. Passamani, M. and Rylands, A. B. 2000. Home range of a Geoffroy’s marmoset group, Callithrix geoffroyi (Primates, Callitrichidae) in south-eastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60(2): 275–281. Rosenberger, A. L. 1992. Evolution of feeding niches in New World monkeys. 8: 525-562. Rylands, A. B. 1984. Exudate-eating and tree-gouging by marmosets (Callitrichidae, Primates). In: A. C. Chadwick and S. L. Sutton (eds), Tropical Rain Forest: The Leeds Symposium, pp. 155–168. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds, UK. Rylands, A. B., Spironelo, W. R., Tornisielo, V. L., Lemos de Sá, R. M, Kierulff, M. C. M. and Santos, I. B. 1988. Primates of the Rio Jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Primate Conservation 9: 100-109.

Ávila-Pires, F. D. 1969. Taxonomia e zoogeografia do gênero Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Callitrichidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 29(1): 46.

Brazil and Convênio SOS Mata Atlântica-INPE. Undated. Mata Atlântica, Estado do Espírito Santo. Evolução dos Remanescentes Florestais da Mata Atlântica. Período: 1985/1990. Map. Scale 1:1,000,000. SOS Mata Atlântica. São Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPA), São José dos Campos, Brazil.

Chiarello, A. G. 1995. Density and habitat use of primates at an Atlantic forest reserve of southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55(1): 105-110.

Chiarello, A. G. 1999. Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 89: 71-82.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1971. Os sagüis do gênero Callithrix da região oriental brasileira e um caso de duplo-hibridismo entre três de suas formas (Callithricidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 31: 377-388.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1972. Aspectos inéditos do comportamento de sagüis do gênero Callithrix (Callithricidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 32: 505–512.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1984. Situação atual dos calitriquídeos que ocorrem no Brasil (Callitrichidae-Primates). In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A Primatologia no Brasil,, pp. 15-33. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1986. Sagüi-de-cara-branca Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812). FBCN/Inf., Rio de Janeiro.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Mittermeier, R. A. and Constable, I. D. 1981. Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903) recorded from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Callitrichidae, Primates). Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 41(1): 141-147.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Mendes, S. L., Kierulff, M. C. M. and Pinto, L. P. de S. 2006. The taxonomic status of Wied’s black-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii (Callitrichidae, Primates). Primate Conservation 21: 1–24.

Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Pissinatti, A. and Rylands, A. B. 1993. Experimental multiple hybridism among Callithrix species from eastern Brazil. In: A. B. Rylands (ed.), Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Ecology, and Behaviour, pp. 95-120. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Cullen Jr., L., Schmink, M., Valladares-Padua, C. and Morato, M. I. R. 2001. Agroforestry benefit zones: A tool for the conservation and management of Atlantic forest fragments, São Paulo, Brazil. Natural Areas Journal 21: 346-356.

da Fonseca, G. A. B. 1985. The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation 34: 17-34.

de Vivo, M. 1991. Taxonomia de Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates). Fundacao Biodiversitas para Conservacao da Diversidade Biologica, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Hershkovitz, P. 1977. Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini), with an introduction to Primates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.

Marroig, G., Cropp, S. and Cheverud, J. M. 2004. Systematics and evolution of the jacchus group of marmosets (Platyrrhini). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123: 11-22.

Mendes, S. L. 1991. Situação atual dos primatas em reservas florestais do estado do Espírito Santo. In: A. B. Rylands and A. T. Bernardes (eds), A Primatologia no Brasil – 3, pp. 347-356. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte.

Mendes, S. L. 1993. Distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação de Callithrix flaviceps (Primates: Callitrichidae). In: M. E. Yamamoto and M. B. C. de Sousa (eds), A Primatologia no Brasil – 4, pp. 139-154. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Natal.

Mendes, S. L. 1997. Hybridization in free-ranging Callithrix flaviceps and the taxonomy of the Atlantic forest marmosets. Neotropical Primates 5(1): 6-8.

Mittermeier, R. A., Coimbra-Filho, A. F., Constable, I. D., Rylands, A. B. and Valle, C. M. C. 1982. Conservation of primates in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. International Zoo Yearbook 22: 2–17.

Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B. and Coimbra-Filho, A. F. 1988. Systematics: species and subspecies - an update. In: R. A. Mittermeier, A. B. Rylands, A. F. Coimbra-Filho and G. A. B. da Fonseca (eds), Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates, pp. 13-75. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA.

Oliveira, L. de C., Câmara, E. M. V. C., Hirsch, A., Paschoal, A. M. O., Alvarenga, R. M. and Belarmino, M. G. 2003. Callithrix geoffroyi (Primates Callitrichidae) and Alouatta caraya (Primates: Atelidae) in the Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 11(2): 86-89.

Oliver, W. L. R. and Santos, I. B. 1991. Threatened endemic mammals of the Atlantic forest region of south-east Brazil. Wildlife Preservation Trust, Special Scientific Report 4: 1-125.

Passamani, M. 1996. Ecologia e comportamento de um grupo de sagüi-da-cara-branca (Callithrix geoffroyi) em um fragmento de mata atlântica no Espírito Santo. M.Sc. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

Passamani, M. 1998. Activity budget of Geoffroy’s marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi) in an Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil. American Journal of Primatology 46: 333-340.

Passamani, M., Aguiar, L. M. S., Machado, R. B. and Figueiredo, E. 1997. Hybridization between Callithrix geoffroyi and C. penicillata in southeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Primates 5(1): 9-10.

Passamani, M. and Rylands, A. B. 2000. Feeding behavior of Geoffroy’s marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi) in an Atlantic forest fragment of south-eastern Brazil. Primates 41(1): 29–40.

Passamani, M. and Rylands, A. B. 2000. Home range of a Geoffroy’s marmoset group, Callithrix geoffroyi (Primates, Callitrichidae) in south-eastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60(2): 275–281.

Rosenberger, A. L. 1992. Evolution of feeding niches in New World monkeys. 8: 525-562.

Rylands, A. B. 1984. Exudate-eating and tree-gouging by marmosets (Callitrichidae, Primates). In: A. C. Chadwick and S. L. Sutton (eds), Tropical Rain Forest: The Leeds Symposium, pp. 155–168. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds, UK.

Rylands, A. B., Spironelo, W. R., Tornisielo, V. L., Lemos de Sá, R. M, Kierulff, M. C. M. and Santos, I. B. 1988. Primates of the Rio Jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Primate Conservation 9: 100-109.

Citation:	Rylands, A.B. & Mendes, S.L. 2008. Callithrix geoffroyi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2012.
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