Pinus radiata var. binata

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
PLANTAE	TRACHEOPHYTA	CONIFEROPSIDA	CONIFERALES	PINACEAE

Scientific Name:

Pinus radiata var. binata

Species Authority:

D.Don

Infra-specific Authority:

(Engelm.) Lemmon

Common Name/s:

English	–	Cedros Island Pine, Guadalupe Island Pine, Insignis Pine, Radiata Pine
Spanish	–	Pino Insigne

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Endangered C1 ver 2.3

Year Published:

1998

Annotations:

Needs updating

Assessor/s:

Conifer Specialist Group

History:

1997

–

Endangered (Walter and Gillett 1998)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Recorded from Guadelupe Island, an uninhabited island 250 km off the mainland, and from Cedros Island (part of Baja-California), Mexico. The name P. binnata var. cedrosensis is used by some people, for the Cedros Island population. The pines on Guadalupe Island are narrowly distributed at the north end of the island, along the uppermost slopes of the central ridge.
Countries:	Native: Mexico (Baja California, Guadalupe I.)
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	A census, taken in May 2001, indicates a total population of approximately 200 trees, all of them over-mature (Rogers et al. 2002). No evidence of the pitch canker disease (caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum) that has affected mainland (California) subpopulations of P. radiata was found. A few seedlings were found in 2001 (indicating natural regeneration is still feasible), but would no doubt soon be eaten by goats. There has apparently been a 50% reduction in number of trees since 1964. On Cedros Island, there are two main subpopulations of pines: a central and northern subpopulation, separated by approximately 13 km, with some scattered trees and small stands outside these two occurrences. The pines are largely restricted to the upper, western slopes of the northern mountain range, which extends from the central to northern regions of Cedros Island in roughly a north-south alignment. There is no comprehensive census, but there are thousands of trees and no apparent losses of habitat over the last several decades. In May 2001, the pines were described as fairly young over much of the current range, with seedlings in all stands.

Population:

A census, taken in May 2001, indicates a total population of approximately 200 trees, all of them over-mature (Rogers et al. 2002). No evidence of the pitch canker disease (caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum) that has affected mainland (California) subpopulations of P. radiata was found. A few seedlings were found in 2001 (indicating natural regeneration is still feasible), but would no doubt soon be eaten by goats. There has apparently been a 50% reduction in number of trees since 1964.

On Cedros Island, there are two main subpopulations of pines: a central and northern subpopulation, separated by approximately 13 km, with some scattered trees and small stands outside these two occurrences. The pines are largely restricted to the upper, western slopes of the northern mountain range, which extends from the central to northern regions of Cedros Island in roughly a north-south alignment. There is no comprehensive census, but there are thousands of trees and no apparent losses of habitat over the last several decades. In May 2001, the pines were described as fairly young over much of the current range, with seedlings in all stands.

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Systems:	Terrestrial

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There has apparently been no natural regeneration of the pines on Guadelupe for many decades, a result of grazing by introduced goats which have become feral. On Cedros Island, although the pines are currently regenerating well, they remain vulnerable to the introduction of pitch canker from the nearby Mexican mainland, and to the uncertain impacts of possibly frequent fires, climate change, and some introduced species.

Major Threat(s):

There has apparently been no natural regeneration of the pines on Guadelupe for many decades, a result of grazing by introduced goats which have become feral. On Cedros Island, although the pines are currently regenerating well, they remain vulnerable to the introduction of pitch canker from the nearby Mexican mainland, and to the uncertain impacts of possibly frequent fires, climate change, and some introduced species.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	It is critical that the goats on Guadelupe Island be removed or controlled soon, if the pines are to recover.

Conservation Actions:

It is critical that the goats on Guadelupe Island be removed or controlled soon, if the pines are to recover.

Bibliography [top]

	Farjon, A. et al. 1998. Data collection forms for conifer species completed by the IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group between 1996 and 1998. Ledig, F.T., Vargas-Hernández, J.J. and Johnsen, K.H. 1998. The conservation of forest genetic resources: Case histories from Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Journal of Forestry 96: 32–41. Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers). 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. Perry, J.P. 1991. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland. Rogers, D.L. 2002. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus radiat D. Don): Information and recommendations. Report No. 26. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA USA. Rogers, D.L., Vargas-Hernández, J.J., Matheson, A.C. and Guerra Santos, J.J. 2002. The Mexican Island Populations of Pinus radiata: An international expedition and ongoing collaboration for genetic conservation. Forest Genetic Resources Bulletin No. 30, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations, Rome, Italy. The Nature Conservancy. 1996. Natural Heritage Central Database. (Status and distribution data on Latin American plants, developed in collaboration with Latin American Conservation Data Centers and Missouri Botanical Garden). Tibor, D. (compiler) 1998. Threatened tree information from the California Native Plant Society (unpublished).

Farjon, A. et al. 1998. Data collection forms for conifer species completed by the IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group between 1996 and 1998.

Ledig, F.T., Vargas-Hernández, J.J. and Johnsen, K.H. 1998. The conservation of forest genetic resources: Case histories from Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Journal of Forestry 96: 32–41.

Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers). 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.

Perry, J.P. 1991. The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Timber Press, Portland.

Rogers, D.L. 2002. In situ genetic conservation of Monterey pine (Pinus radiat D. Don): Information and recommendations. Report No. 26. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA USA.

Rogers, D.L., Vargas-Hernández, J.J., Matheson, A.C. and Guerra Santos, J.J. 2002. The Mexican Island Populations of Pinus radiata: An international expedition and ongoing collaboration for genetic conservation. Forest Genetic Resources Bulletin No. 30, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations, Rome, Italy.

The Nature Conservancy. 1996. Natural Heritage Central Database. (Status and distribution data on Latin American plants, developed in collaboration with Latin American Conservation Data Centers and Missouri Botanical Garden).

Tibor, D. (compiler) 1998. Threatened tree information from the California Native Plant Society (unpublished).

Citation:	Conifer Specialist Group 1998. Pinus radiata var. binata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 May 2012.
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